雅尔塔会议：被出卖的中国

2015-01-22 11:25

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标签：雅尔塔苏联二战

名义上中国是反法西斯的盟国，四强之一，此时却变成“人为刀俎、我为鱼肉”，为满足苏联的利益美英联手压迫中国在胜利后接受领土与主权被剥夺的现实。点击看更多军事历史内容

雅尔塔会议：被出卖的中国

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                "prevue": "名义上中国是反法西斯的盟国，四强之一，此时却变成“人为刀俎、我为鱼肉”，为满足苏联的利益美英联手压迫中国在胜利后接受领土与主权被剥夺的现实。<a href=＂http://war.163.com/special/mh/＂>点击看更多军事历史内容</a>",
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                   "note": "1945年2月，反法西斯盟国在欧洲与亚洲太平洋战场上捷报频传可谓胜利在望。",
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                   "note": "此时德国必须面对来自东西两线的强大压力，已经被迫放弃曾经占领的他国领土退入本土进行防御，美、英利用空中优势采取饱和轰炸的策略基本摧毁了德国战争潜力再生的能力，德国已经山穷水尽随时都会崩溃投降",
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                   "note": "日本尽管败相已现但仍摆出一副“玉碎”的姿态，事实上日本的“绝对国防圈”已被突破，本土与南洋的交通线被切断，美军轰炸机更是不分昼夜地轰炸其本土，所以日本已是强弩之末。",
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                   "note": "此时如何处置即将战败的法西斯轴心国以及重新建立战后的国际新秩序、分配战胜国的所得利益，就成为美、英、苏三国领导人最为关心的议题。于是斯大林出面邀请罗斯福和丘吉尔于黑海之滨的雅尔塔举行会谈，史称“雅尔塔会议”。",
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                   "note": "最惨的是中国，名义上中国是反法西斯的盟国，四强之一，此时却变成“人为刀俎、我为鱼肉”，为满足苏联的利益美英联手压迫中国在胜利后接受领土与主权被剥夺的现实。",
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                   "note": "当时的美国对正在研制的原子弹没有多大信心。而硫磺岛、冲绳岛等战役的惨痛代价又让美国觉得很难独自承担对日本岛作战。所以希望苏联出兵分担。",
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                   "note": "与其他两位坐在雅尔塔会议圆桌旁的领导人相比最为同情中国的美国总统罗斯福此时正在承受病痛的煎熬，他的生命已经进入了倒计时，他最关心的是在尽量减少美军伤亡的前提下早日击败日本，取得这场伟大战争的胜利，为自己辉煌的一生画上一个完美的句号。",
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                   "note": "在战后如何处置德国，重新划分欧洲势力版图时，罗斯福总统才发现由于美国将无数的军火、物资与设备源源不断地援助给斯大林，苏军力量已经发展到和美国平起平坐并且有足够的实力独霸、主宰、支配东欧各国的领土与命运了。",
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                   "note": "1943年，英、美、苏三国领导人在德黑兰会议中决定美、英联军在法国开辟第二战场，让得到大量援助的苏联红军单独在东线发起进攻。1945年纳粹德国即将崩溃的时候，美、英两国觉得他们犯了一个很大的错误。",
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                   "note": "但是，在雅尔塔会议上，美英又走了一步“昏招”，斯大林可以说赚了个钵满盆溢。英国以牺牲他国利益暂时维护了自己已经日薄西山的殖民帝国利益；美国则是为了提早结束战争，出卖中国换取苏联参战。",
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                   "note": "苏联从建国那天起就被西方国家完全孤立、封锁、甚至武装干涉。但借着反法西斯战争，苏联的势力迅速扩张，近东、中东、远东、非洲、南美，无处不在，不光支配着东欧与东亚的所有战略利益而且和昔日宿敌平起平坐。",
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                   "note": "在当时，中国政府坚持东北是中国不可分割的领土，蒋介石多次拒绝了日本方面退兵关外只保留伪“满洲国”的和谈条件，中国的谈判立场是日军必须全部退出朝鲜半岛的釜山。",
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                   "note": "而英、美却要强迫中国在对日作战14年后，把历史上沙俄和日本在东北享有的一切特权再交给苏联，重演第一次世界大战后中国作为战胜国却要把山东的一切特权由德国转交给日本的一幕。",
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                   "note": "雅尔塔协定签定后，美国总统罗斯福对国会作了通报，但只公布了协定中关于欧洲部分的内容，暂时隐瞒了苏联参加对日作战索要的条件。雅尔塔会议美国邀请苏联参战事实上等于是开出空白支票，做为付给苏联在远东参战的“佣金”，不过支付这笔费用的是中国。",
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                   "osize": {},
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                   "note": "1945年3月，美国驻华大使赫尔利获悉这份密约后，向罗斯福力陈这份协定对战后世界格局尤其是对美国将产生非常不利的深远影响。",
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                   "note": "罗斯福要求赫尔利立即设法进行补救。赫尔利想先说服丘吉尔改变立场，希望英国能够放弃对香港的占领，以换取苏联放弃控制旅顺、大连，但是丘吉尔一口回绝。",
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                   "note": "1945年4月12日罗斯福病故副总统杜鲁门继任总统。此时赫尔利正在前往莫斯科。",
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                   "note": "赫尔利见到了斯大林与苏联外长莫洛托夫，两人不断向赫尔利保证，苏联纯粹是为了打击日本才会出兵中国东北，苏联绝对支持美国的对华政策，承认美国在中国的利益，尊重蒋介石的领导，并且愿意帮助中国的统一与复兴；对日作战之所以索取代价只是要对苏联人民有个交代而已。",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI5VN34T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏联的态度和立场让赫尔利很担忧，因此他致电杜鲁门，希望总统重新审视雅尔达协议。这个协议不但影响战后远东的国际战略平衡，更是会妨碍美、中的国家利益以及两国关系。但杜鲁门认为为了减少美军的伤亡，美国必须彻底执行雅尔塔协定的立场。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI609R4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI609R4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI609R4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI609R4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI609R4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1945年5月28日，杜鲁门再次派出特使霍浦金斯访问莫斯科和苏联商讨对日作战的时间表及苏联对中国的政策。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI60MP4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI60MP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI60MP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI60MP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI60MP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "斯大林表示只要中国同意与苏联在雅尔塔协议的框架内签订中苏友好条约，苏联将在当年8月对日本宣战；斯大林特别重申，苏联尊重中国在东北的主权，愿意帮助中国统一与复兴。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI61A54T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI61A54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI61A54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI61A54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI61A54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏联方面一再要求雅尔塔协定的内容要到1945年6月15日才能正式通知中国政府并向世界公开。但在5月20日美国驻华大使赫尔利就将雅尔塔协定的内容部分通报了蒋介石。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI61MQ4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI61MQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI61MQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI61MQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI61MQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "因此在当年的6月9日，蒋介石派行政院长宋子文到美国进行访问希望能力挽狂澜通过外交斡旋改变美国政府的立场，无奈杜鲁门坚持按照协定强迫蒋介石就范。蒋介石只好再派遣宋子文率团于6月30日到莫斯科与斯大林交涉。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI629M4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI629M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI629M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI629M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI629M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在中苏的交涉与谈判中，斯大林一再宣称，苏联绝对支持重庆政府和蒋介石的领袖地位；尊重中国东北与新疆的主权与领土完整；绝对不会干预中国内政。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI62MQ4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI62MQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI62MQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI62MQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI62MQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "斯大林还解释说，苏联之所以要求在东北的特权完全是为了便于苏联协助中国共同防止日本军国主义死灰复燃；至于外蒙古，因其早已脱离中国统治长达24年，已成为一个“独立”的国家，中国不应违背蒙古人民的“意愿”与事实。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI636P4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI636P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI636P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI636P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI636P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "斯大林用尽各种软硬兼施的手段迫使中国让步，否则就要中国承担盟国关系破裂的所有责任和后果。蒋介石无奈地决定接受斯大林的条件。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI63OG4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI63OG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI63OG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI63OG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI63OG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1945年7月26日，中美英三国联合发表波茨坦公告，要求日本无条件投降。当时苏联虽也列席了会议，但并未与日本断交又未与日本宣战，所以根本无法在宣言上列名，斯大林来的目的就是监督美英兑现雅尔塔协议。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI64664T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI64664T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI64664T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI64664T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI64664T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "8月6日，美军第一颗原子弹砸在日本的广岛；8月8日第二颗原子弹砸在了长崎。两颗原子弹加快了本日政府投降的步伐。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI64Q24T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI64Q24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI64Q24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI64Q24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI64Q24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在美国使用原子弹之前，斯大林非常傲慢地坚持中国必须签订中苏友好同盟条约后，苏联才能出兵攻击日本关东军。但是当原子弹落到日本人头上，苏联生怕日本会突然宣布投降，这样苏军便师出无名，无法顺理成章地到远东掠夺战利品。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI654S4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI654S4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI654S4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI654S4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI654S4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "所以苏联不顾还没有与中国达成协议，抢先于8月8日夜间在未经宣战下，命令苏、蒙部队兵分三路对日军发动总攻。8月9日，补上宣战手续。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI65NT4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI65NT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI65NT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI65NT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI65NT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "8月14日，裕仁正式要求日本政府完全遵照投降的敕令程序执行，并且宣布在15日将会广播“终战”演说。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AGGI665M4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI665M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI665M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI665M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-21/AGGI665M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "也就在同一天，中国与苏联签下《中苏友好同盟条约》，身为战胜国的中国，领土、主权所受到的损失和践踏比战败国日本的还要大得多。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }