美军轰炸机部队：我们要黑人飞行员护航

2015-06-03 17:24

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标签：飞行员

2012年1月，一部名为《红尾》（Red Tails）的战争片在美国上映。影片讲述了二战时期，由清一色黑人飞行员组成的美军第332战斗机大队，本图集将为您详解历史中的“红尾”大队。

美军轰炸机部队：我们要黑人飞行员护航

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                   "note": "20世纪30年代末，德国重整军备步伐加速。欧洲战事一触即发。美国总统罗斯福力为此排众议，连推多个法案支持黑人入伍。遵照总统指示，1940年冬，美军选定位于阿拉巴马州的塔斯卡基飞行学院作为黑人飞行员培训基地。次年1月，“塔斯卡基项目”正式启动。 图为1941年，项目支持者詹姆斯.埃里森少校检阅第一批“塔斯卡基”黑人飞行员，他们身后的是BT-13教练机。",
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                   "note": "由于当时美军内部种族主义严重，项目进展缓慢。直到1942年3月7日，首批13名学员中才最终有5人艰难毕业，其中就包括日后美国空军第一位黑人将军本杰明·戴维斯。他曾就读于西点军校，后进入塔斯卡基学院受训，毕业后被任命为美陆航第99中队指挥官，图为戴维斯本人与座机合影。",
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                   "note": "这支战斗机中队完全由黑人飞行员、机械师和地勤保障人员组成，虽然是种族隔离制度产物，但也使全军上下空前团结。图为正在为航空机枪补充弹药的第99中队军械师，均为黑人。",
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                   "note": "1943年6月，第99中队部署至意大利参与解放西西里的作战，期间该中队的查尔斯·豪尔中尉旗开得胜，成功击落一架德军Fw-190战机，成为美军史上首位击落敌机的黑人飞行员。图为正在交流作战经验的黑人飞行员们。",
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                   "note": "1943年10月，第99中队奉命开始对意大利及欧洲境内的其他铁路交通网进行空袭，据战后统计，他们共摧毁了600列敌方火车。图为描绘“红尾”大队P-51战机袭击德军火车的油画。",
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                   "note": "1944年6月，99中队与第100、301和302战斗机中队合编组成第332战斗机大队，作战人员全由黑人组成。由于他们习惯将战机垂尾涂为红色， “红尾”就成为了该大队的代号。 图为艺术家绘制的“红尾”大队P-51战机与德军战机展开缠斗战的油画。",
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                   "note": "美国陆航曾专门调查取证，发现凡有该大队参与护航时，盟军损失率都明显较低（近200次护航任务中，只有25架轰炸机被敌方击落）。美军轰炸机部队纷纷点名要求其提供护航。这都要归功于戴维斯要求部下牢记一点：“你们的任务是保护轰炸机，决不能为追求个人荣耀擅自离队追歼敌机！”",
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                   "note": "图为1944年8月，意大利军用机场内，”红尾“大队的飞行员们在P-51战机旁交流作战经验。",
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                   "note": "图为电影《红尾》中还原的”红尾“大队战机为美军B-17轰炸机编队护航的壮观场面。",
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                   "note": "图为第332战机大队的飞行员们为战机加装副油箱。",
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                   "note": "图为电影《红尾》的宣传海报，图中可以看到3架德军Me-262喷气式战机被击落。1945年3月24日，在为盟军空袭柏林轰炸机编队护航时，红尾大队曾遭遇德军25架Me-262战机拦截，成功击落3架，海报中描绘的就是这场战斗。",
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                   "note": "图为塔斯卡基学院内的飞行学员合影，身后的是P-40战机。",
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                ,
                {
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                   "note": "图为二战时期为黑人飞行员中队筹集战争债券的海报。",
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                {
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                   "note": "图为塔斯卡基第44期飞行员合影。",
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                   "note": "实际上除了332大队外，还有一些黑人飞行员驾驶过B-25轰炸机，他们后来组建了第477轰炸机大队，也取得了不俗的战绩。",
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                   "note": "图为1945年，塔斯卡基训练基地，第45A期的毕业学员合影，他们身后的是B-25轰炸机。",
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                   "note": "图为后人为”塔斯卡基“部队绘制的标志，从上到下依次为第99战斗机中队，第332战斗机大队和第447轰炸机大队。",
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                   "note": "图为二战美国陆航第332战斗机大队的队徽，图案上有一只喷火的黑猫，”喷火“（Spit Fire）刚好是部队的口号。",
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                   "note": "图为美国空军第332远征作战联队的队徽，从图案也能看出二者的继承关系。该联队曾于2002年组建，参加过2003年的伊拉克战争，联队中的战机包括F-16战斗机和A-10攻击机，后于2012年转入停用状态。",
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                   "note": "图为2007年3月29日，时任美国总统的小布什为塔斯卡基飞行队的老飞行员们颁发国会金质勋章(该奖是美国国会所颁发，与总统自由勋章并列为美国最高的平民荣誉，美国建国以来只有300人获得过)。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AP83NFN34T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NFN34T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NFN34T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NFN34T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NFN34T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为美国总统奥巴马接见塔斯卡基飞行队老兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AP83NGGP4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NGGP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NGGP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NGGP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NGGP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为电影《红尾》中的红尾大队飞行员形象。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AP83NH794T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NH794T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NH794T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NH794T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NH794T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为今日”红尾大队“幸存老兵的照片。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AP83NHSH4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NHSH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NHSH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NHSH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-10/AP83NHSH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为后人修复的“红尾大队”P-51战机，目前仍能飞行。尽管二战已结束多年，但有关红尾大队的传奇战记将一直被后人所铭记。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }