四战之地！悲情也门因何沦为大国狩猎场

2015-06-11 11:21

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标签：也门

也门的地理位置在军事上有多重要？如果一个大国在也门亚丁有一座空军基地，那么它不仅随时可以切断曼德海峡，而且连绕道好望角的航线也能够随时封锁，这样从美洲和欧洲到亚洲的航道就完全中断了。点击看更多军事历史内容

四战之地！悲情也门因何沦为大国狩猎场

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雷霆万钧：二战中的经典多管火箭炮

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                "prevue": "也门的地理位置在军事上有多重要？如果一个大国在也门亚丁有一座空军基地，那么它不仅随时可以切断曼德海峡，而且连绕道好望角的航线也能够随时封锁，这样从美洲和欧洲到亚洲的航道就完全中断了。<a href=＂http://war.163.com/special/mh/＂>点击看更多军事历史内容</a>",
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                   "note": "也门",
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                   "note": "l6世纪初全盛时期的葡萄牙四处开拓殖民地，就在此时也门遭受了葡萄牙的入侵。图为描绘葡萄牙舰队16世纪初航向东方的画作。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1547年，奥斯曼帝国占领也门。图为奥斯曼帝国在也门的军队。",
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                   "note": "1914 年英国与土耳其签订《英土条约》，将也门分成南北两个部分。1918 年，趁土耳其一战战败从也门北部撤军之际，亚哈雅国王征服了其他部族，建立了也门穆塔瓦基利亚王国。图为奥斯曼帝国的衰落史，随着帝国彻底分崩离析，土耳其的势力也彻底离开也门。",
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                   "note": "l789年英国占领了属于也门的丕林岛，1839年又占领亚丁，并在1863年至l882年先后吞并哈德拉毛等30多个酋长领地，组成“亚丁保护地”，l934年，英国迫使也门承认其对也门南部占领。图为1949年停泊在亚丁港的英国海军潜艇，靠外较大的一艘潜艇名为“TELEMACHUS”号，它刚刚完成在澳大利亚的任务，取道印度洋、红海和苏伊士运河返回欧洲，途中在亚丁靠岸休整、补给。",
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                   "note": "直到1967年，英国被彻底赶出了也门。图为停泊在亚丁港的英国航母，这也可以看出也门不仅地处重要战略位置，其亚丁港也难得的优良海港。",
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                   "note": "1962 年，也门“自由军官”集团推翻了封建旧制，宣布成立阿拉伯也门共和国，1970 年改国名为也门民主人民共和国，走上了社会主义道路，史称南也门。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJC7ER4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJC7ER4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJC7ER4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJC7ER4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "note": "也门的分裂与美苏两极争霸密切相关。冷战时期，“谁控制了中东，谁就控制了两极之间直接交往的要道之地”。美苏在中东地区的争夺，把位于“红海之峡”战略要地的南北也门推到了对峙的前沿。图为南也门1978年从苏联引进的飞毛腿导弹。",
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                   "osize": {},
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                   "note": "1972年与1979年南北也门之间爆发了两次大规模的边境战争，军事冲突的背后均有苏联和美国的身影。图为在也门的苏联伊尔-28飞机。",
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                {
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJC8SG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "当时苏联在也门还建设有军事基地。图为也门海岸废弃的苏制T-34坦克。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJC9LE4T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJC9LE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "地区大国沙特的干预影响了也门的分裂。为了维护在阿拉伯半岛的政治经济大国地位和传统宗教文化利益，沙特不希望也门成为统一的强大邻国。1934年，也门王国在同沙特阿拉伯王室的战争中失败。图为上世纪40年代的阿拉伯沙漠巡逻队。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCAAI4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCAAI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCAAI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCAAI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCAAI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "北也门新生共和政权成立后不久，埃及支持的共和派与沙特支持的王室派之间展开了一场持续八年之久的战争。图为埃及领导人纳赛尔与也门共和派领导人萨拉勒一同在清真寺做礼拜。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCB594T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCB594T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCB594T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCB594T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "七十年代沙特加大了对北也门的支持，扶持南北也门的部落势力，与南也门政权进行激烈对抗，此举很大程度上加深了南北也门的分裂。图为北也门内战。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCBQ94T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCBQ94T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCBQ94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCBQ94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "地区国家的介入使北也门内战久拖不决，导致北也门在英国撤军的关键时期未能有效地与南方革命力量达成合作，错失了国家统一的良机。图为上个世纪60年代也门的保王党。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCCJ84T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCCJ84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCCJ84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCCJ84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCCJ84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "如此重要的地区自然也少不了超级大国美国的身影，但是美国介入的方式从表面上看更合理一些——反恐。图为2000年美国驱逐舰“科尔”号在亚丁遭受“基地”组织发动的恐怖袭击，造成美军官兵17人死亡、30多人受伤。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCDCH4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCDCH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCDCH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCDCH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCDCH4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "这起恐怖袭击发生后的第二年就发生了震惊世界的9.11恐怖袭击事件。图为2000年10月，拖船将舰体一侧被炸出大洞的“科尔”号拖出也门亚丁港。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCE244T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCE244T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCE244T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCE244T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "也门自然成为了美军反恐的最前线，其中无人机是其主要的打击手段，多名基地高层在也门丧生于美军的无人机打击。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCEPF4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCEPF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCEPF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCEPF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCEPF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "但是随着胡塞武装的攻势，奥巴马在也门的反恐也面临巨大的困难，目前美军已经撤出了也门，甚至许多的武器都成为了胡塞武装的战利品。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCFF74T8E0001",
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                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCFF74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCFF74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCFF74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "大国博弈成为这片是非之地的主旋律，尚武的也门人一再成为大国实现野心的玩偶。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCG8U4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCG8U4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "随着胡塞武装逐渐控制也门，沙特坐不住了，带领阿拉伯联军杀了过来，空袭、炮击，这块土地似乎也适应了硝烟的味道。图为沙特军队炮击也门境内目标。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCGU34T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCGU34T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "note": "沙特曾经的对手埃及也一转成为了盟友。图为亚丁港外的埃及军舰，誓言捍卫曼德海峡通行安全。",
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                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCHMS4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCHMS4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "沙特对手——域内大国伊朗则心有不甘，大批的物资运往也门，而且明言绝不接受阿拉伯联军的检查，伊朗派军舰护卫。图为伊朗舰队启程前往也门水域。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCIFA4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCIFA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCIFA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCIFA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCIFA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "亚丁湾和曼德海峡是油轮东出波斯湾向西航行的必经之路。根据美国能源信息署的统计，每天约有340万桶石油经过曼德海峡，全球约有40%的海运贸易要经过曼德海峡，该海峡是穿过苏伊士运河、红海通印度洋的海上交通必经之路。图为2013年的世界重要航道上的石油运输量，曼德海峡非常繁忙。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJCJ5R4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCJ5R4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCJ5R4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCJ5R4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJCJ5R4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "这块是非之地恐怕永无安宁之日了，因为它是如此的重要。如果曼德海峡关闭，从欧洲和北美来的油轮将无法直接通往亚洲市场。图为标注世界各地航运的危险系数的图标，也门附近海域被危险提示覆盖了。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJUJ354T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJUJ354T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJUJ354T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJUJ354T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJUJ354T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "也门的地理位置在军事上有多重要？如果一个大国在也门亚丁有一座空军基地，那么它不仅随时可以切断曼德海峡，而且连绕道好望角的航线也能够随时封锁，这样从美洲和欧洲到亚洲的航道就完全中断了。更为重要的是它距离波斯湾也足够近，普通战机和轰炸机的作战范围也可以轻易覆盖这一重要能源通道。图为若将B-1B战略轰炸机（作战半径5543千米）部署在也门亚丁后，可覆盖的作战半径示意图。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRJUJ5M4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJUJ5M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJUJ5M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJUJ5M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRJUJ5M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "如果说当今的世界是中东在向世界“供血”，那么未来的能源之都可能就是未充分开发的非洲沃土。如果与吉布提隔海相望的也门亚丁部署军力，那么可以直出中东腹部，中部非洲的能源之区皆尽在其兵力覆盖之下。当然此处的价值对于如今正在开展的反海盗及反恐活动也是一个理想的出击之地。图为美军如果在也门亚丁部署MQ-9“死神”攻击型无人机后，可覆盖的作战半径(1852千米）。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }