雷霆万钧：二战中的经典多管火箭炮

2015-06-11 11:20

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雷霆万钧：二战中的经典多管火箭炮

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英国殖民者将印度战俘绑在炮口处决

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                "prevue": "雷霆万钧：二战中的经典多管火箭炮。<a href=＂http://war.163.com/special/mh/＂>点击看更多军事历史内容</a>",
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                    "setname": "英国殖民者将印度战俘绑在炮口处决",
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                {
                   "id": "AQRLTDRG4T8E0001",
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                   "note": "“喀秋莎”实际成为了苏联二战时期一系列多管火箭炮的代名词，最初苏军出于保密需要，连炮兵连的人员都不知道火箭炮的正式名称。他们见炮架上有一个K字（共产国际工厂的第一个字母），便用“喀秋莎”这首家喻户晓的战时歌曲作为这种武器的爱称。 图为莫斯科卫国战争纪念馆的1938年版BM-13火箭炮，使用的是美制US6卡车底盘。",
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                ,
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                   "id": "AQRLTEEL4T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTEEL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
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                   "note": "“喀秋莎”的研发工作始于1938年6月，当年年底就进行了首次齐射试验，但苏军最初并不喜欢这种武器，因为装填火箭弹时间太长，虽然从1939年就已服役，但在苏德战争爆发前 ，只有40门交付部队使用。作为正式编号的BM-13，直到1942年的秘密文件上才能看到。 图为苏军士兵为BM-13-16火箭炮装填弹药。",
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                ,
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                   "note": "根据苏军公开资料，二战期间共研制了至少18种多管火箭炮（包括牵引式和自行式），其中产量最大的一种自行火箭炮就是图中的BM-13-16。其采用滑轨定向发射器，共有8条发射滑轨，一次齐射可发射16枚132毫米火箭弹。图为参加阅兵式的BM-13-16“喀秋莎”火箭炮。",
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                ,
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                   "id": "AQRLTFT14T8E0001",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "BM-13-16可以发射多种火箭弹，其中M13DD火箭弹的射程最远，达到11.8千米，可携带4.9千克高爆战斗部。左图为陈列在乌克兰基辅战争博物馆中的BM-13火箭炮，采用ZIS-6卡车底盘。右小图为陈列在法国巴黎军事博物馆的M13火箭弹。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTGQE4T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTGQE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "BM-13-16一次齐射只需10秒，再装填时间需4分钟。“喀秋莎”作为一种面积压制武器十分有效，4辆BM-13-16发射车可以在10秒内用火箭弹覆盖40万平方米的区域。纳粹德军对这种武器十分畏惧，由于火箭弹密集飞过时会产生类似狂风呼啸般的声音，他们称之为“斯大林的管风琴”。图为齐射中的“喀秋莎”火箭炮。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTHD24T8E0001",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为意大利模型厂采用的BM-13-16封绘，可以看到苏军炮兵士兵正在校正发射器。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTI8M4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTI8M4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTI8M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为1945年4月，柏林战役中的“喀秋莎”火箭炮。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTIQM4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTIQM4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTIQM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为1945年4月，苏军士兵在柏林城外为喀秋莎火箭炮装填火箭弹。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTJIS4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTJIS4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTJIS4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为艺术家笔下的苏军BM-13-16火箭炮。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTKFN4T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTKFN4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "BM-31-12是苏军在二战中推出的最后一种“喀秋莎”火箭炮，发射管数量虽然减至12管，但火箭弹口径增至300毫米，威力较早期型提升不少。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTL0R4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTL0R4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTL0R4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为1945年6月，参加莫斯科胜利阅兵的BM-31-12自行火箭炮。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTLU24T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTLU24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTLU24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTLU24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTLU24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为1945年6月24日，参加莫斯科胜利阅兵的BM-31-12火箭炮方队。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTMGB4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTMGB4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTMGB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTMGB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为陈列在萨瓦斯托波尔Sapun Mountain博物馆的BM-31-12自行火箭炮，使用的底盘是ZIS-12卡车。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTNDG4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTNDG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTNDG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTNDG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTNDG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为BM-31-12火箭炮群进行夜间齐射。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTNUR4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTNUR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTNUR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTNUR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTNUR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为苏军士兵为BM-13-16火箭炮装填弹药。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTOMK4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTOMK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTOMK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTOMK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTOMK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军并非是盟军阵营唯一使用多管火箭炮的部队，美军在二战中也投入了多种牵引、自行多管火箭炮。其中典型的代表是于1943年在M4谢尔曼坦克上改进的T34自行火箭炮，其使用的是60联装114毫米多管发射装置。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTPL54T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTPL54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTPL54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTPL54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTPL54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "国内媒体普遍将T34火箭炮的绰号译为“希神”，实际美军所起的绰号Calliope并非希腊神话中的缪斯女神“卡莉奥佩”，而是根据火箭炮的外形所起，应译为“汽笛风琴”更贴切。 图为西线战场上的T34自行火箭炮。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTQ4I4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTQ4I4T8E0001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTQ4I4T8E0001.JPG",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTQ4I4T8E0001.JPG",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTQ4I4T8E0001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为美军士兵为T34火箭炮装填弹药。可以看到多管发射器的俯仰装置细节。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTR2C4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTR2C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTR2C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTR2C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTR2C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为T34E2型自行火箭炮，将火箭弹口径增至183毫米，这辆已将原有M4坦克炮塔完全去除，更换为大型多管发射器。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTRKN4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTRKN4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTRKN4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTRKN4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTRKN4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为二战游戏《英雄连》中的T34火箭炮坦克。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTSHI4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTSHI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTSHI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTSHI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTSHI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为基于T34的另一种改进型，M17自行火箭炮，改用183毫米火箭炮，威力虽增大不少，但射程降至2000米，小图为彩图。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTT304T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTT304T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTT304T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为在欧洲战场开进中的T34火箭炮坦克小队，车体上还有伪装。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTTQM4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTTQM4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTTQM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为T34火箭炮坦克彩照。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTUQ84T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTUQ84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTUQ84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTUQ84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTUQ84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "除了陆军外，美国海军也曾在二战中在坦克登陆舰上加装大量多管火箭发射器，改为专门的火箭炮支援舰，支援陆战队的登陆作战。图为LSM(R)-194中型火箭炮支援舰，全长62米，全宽10米，满载排水量968吨，最大航速13节，图中可看到钱甲板密密麻麻布置的都是多管火箭发射装置。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLTV914T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTV914T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTV914T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTV914T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLTV914T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为LSM(R)-194号的同型舰LSM(R)-188号上的Mk51自动多管火箭发射器，每座发射器可发射16枚火箭，每艘支援舰上搭载85座发射器，一波次可发射1360枚火箭弹。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLU06C4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU06C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU06C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU06C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU06C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为1945年，冲绳战役中，美海军LSM(R)-197号火箭炮支援舰齐射弹雨的壮观场面。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLU0OL4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU0OL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU0OL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU0OL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU0OL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为1945年，冲绳战役中的美海军火箭炮支援舰齐射火力，支援美军登陆部队。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLU1NF4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU1NF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU1NF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU1NF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU1NF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "法西斯阵营方面，纳粹德军也在实战中使用过几种多管火箭炮，例如图中的42型10联装150毫米自行火箭炮（Panzerwerfer-42），最大射程约7000米。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLU27V4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU27V4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU27V4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU27V4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU27V4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "与苏联大规模集中使用火箭炮、靠大量弹雨短时间覆盖目标来达成作战目的不同，由于在火箭发动机领域的优势，德国人更注重重型火箭弹远距离精确打击。所以德国多管火箭炮置最多是10管，而苏联火箭炮最少是16管。图为开进中的42型自行火箭炮纵队。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLU2VE4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU2VE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU2VE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU2VE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU2VE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "42型自行火箭炮主要采用Sd.Kfz. 41半轮履带车作为底盘，具有较强的越野行驶能力，每小时最大速度27.4千米，最大行程300千米。图为田宫模型绘制的 Panzerwerfer 42 早期型火箭炮封绘。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLU3UQ4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU3UQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU3UQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU3UQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU3UQ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为德军士兵在调整42型火箭炮发射器。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLU4D54T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU4D54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU4D54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU4D54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU4D54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "德军火箭炮部队最大的一次行动是在1944年12月的阿登反击战，当时总计有8个火箭炮旅参战，共有1003门150及210毫米火箭炮和659门重型火箭炮参战，数量是其他身管炮的两倍。在几次齐射的火力准备下，美第8军的2个师伤亡惨重，阵线随即被德军攻破。 图为42型多管火箭炮后期改进型，发射器已改为类似苏军喀秋莎的导轨式发射装置。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AQRLU5B44T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU5B44T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU5B44T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU5B44T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-05-30/AQRLU5B44T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "但与苏军多管火箭炮部队的命运不同，德军火箭炮并未起到扭转败局的作用。图为一名美军士兵在查看德军士兵尸体，远处是一辆废弃的42型150毫米自行火箭炮。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }