东北工业：苏军的“战利品”

2015-07-02 07:17

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标签：东北苏军工业

1945年8月, 根据雅尔塔协定苏联出兵东北驱逐了日本关东军。按照国际惯例, 苏军应该迅速撤离东北并把政权移交给中国政府。然而, 苏军竟置国际法于不顾, 对东北的日资工矿产业以战利品的名义进行了疯狂的拆迁。文|蒋清宏点击看更多《镜鉴记》内容

东北工业：苏军的“战利品”

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                "prevue": "1945年8月, 根据雅尔塔协定苏联出兵东北驱逐了日本关东军。按照国际惯例, 苏军应该迅速撤离东北并把政权移交给中国政府。然而, 苏军竟置国际法于不顾, 对东北的日资工矿产业以战利品的名义进行了疯狂的拆迁。 文|蒋清宏 <a href=＂http://war.163.com/special/jingjian/＂>点击看更多《镜鉴记》内容</a>",
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                   "note": "1945年8月, 根据雅尔塔协定苏联出兵东北驱逐了日本关东军。按照国际惯例, 苏军应该迅速撤离东北并把政权移交给中国政府。然而, 苏军竟置国际法于不顾, 对东北的日资工矿产业以战利品的名义进行了疯狂的拆迁。",
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                   "note": "1945年5月8日,第二次世界大战欧洲战场的战事以德国的投降而告结束。而在远东的太平洋战场和中国战场,盟国的对日战争还在继续。根据苏、美、英三国秘密签订的《雅尔塔协定》,“在德国投降及欧洲战争结束二至三个月内,苏联将参加盟国方面对日作战。”",
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                   "note": "1945年8月9日,苏联本着其在远东的政治、经济、军事目的分7路出兵东北,迅速驱逐了日本关东军。8月14日,日本表示接受《波茨坦公告》敦促其无条件投降的条款,第二次世界大战遂告结束。",
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                   "note": "然而从9月初开始,驻守中国东北的苏联军队,竟置《雅尔塔协定》与《中苏友好同盟条约》于不顾,对东北日资工矿等产业进行了大肆的拆迁。",
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                   "note": "二战期间，苏联国内的经济状况已成凋敝之势。而当时的东北是日本支持战争的物资供应地,工业已经具有相当的规模,设备先进,管理完善,生产能力在亚洲首屈一指。苏联把东北的先进设备运回国内,对战后经济恢复起到相当大的作用。",
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                   "note": "苏军对东北日资工矿业的拆迁有着严格的计划从1945年9月初开始,至1945年12月3日结束,拆迁的重点集中在动力生产输送设备、发电机、实验仪器、实验室、医院等,以及开采、化学和水泥等重工业的整套设备。1945年8月14日《中苏友好同盟条约》规定苏军撤离东北的最后日期也是1945年12月3日,从此也可见到苏军拆迁的预谋性。",
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                   "note": "在此期间,大批经过特殊训练的工程技术人员从苏联国内来到东北指导拆迁工作,部分苏联军队也参与了拆迁。大量的日本与中国的劳工,甚至战犯也被逼参与其事。他们招来负责管理工业设备的日本人,要他们提供拆迁工厂的详细方案,并在规定的时间内完成对指定工业设备的拆装。在拆迁过程中,苏军对数以千计的楼房和家庭住房进行了破坏。",
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                   "note": "伪满时期,东北地区的电力系统水电以松花江上的小丰满水电厂和鸭绿江的水丰发电厂为主干,火电以抚顺、阜新、本溪等发电厂为主干。火力发电网东起吉林、西至绥中,南起旅顺、北至哈尔滨。东北“铁塔林立,22万伏特之输电线路纵横1万余公里,发电设备能力有180万(另有未完成之100万),每年输送电力达50亿度,促成东北之重工业化及农村电力化”。",
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                   "note": "苏军来后，把上述电厂拆个精光运回国。致使东北地区电力生产力下降了竟71%，损失金额超过2亿美元。",
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                ,
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                   "note": "钢铁工业是其他各业的基础,苏军对其更加重视,破坏也更加彻底。鞍山钢铁厂,原有9座规模宏大的炼钢炉,每座生产能力650吨,除第3、第4座外,其余7座的主要机件,如鼓风炉、卷扬机等设备,皆被苏军拆走。宫原钢铁厂和通化钢铁厂的设备完全被破坏。",
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                   "note": "本溪钢铁厂的铁的生产能力由60万吨降到10万吨,生产能力下降了83·33%。此外,本溪的特殊钢、机械等工厂也损失严重。苏军拆迁以后,沈阳炼钢厂的生产能力从20万吨下降到不足10万吨,下降了50%。(钢铁工业中电气方面的损失已记入电力方面)。",
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                   "note": "而东北的煤炭工业产量从年产2500万吨减少到250万吨,生产能力下降了90%,并且只有25%的产量用于国内急需。由搬运和破坏给煤炭工业所造成的损失估计为5000万美元。",
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                   "note": "东北铁路方面的损失。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1E6514T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军破坏对东北机械工业方面的损失。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军拆迁对东北液体燃料工业方面造成的损失。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1E6T24T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1E6T24T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1E6T24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军拆迁对化学工业造成的损失。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1E7KV4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1E7KV4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1E7KV4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军拆迁对东北水泥工业方面造成的损失。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1E8A84T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1E8A84T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1E8A84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军拆迁对东北非铁金属工业方面造成的损失。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1E94N4T8E0001",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军拆迁对东北纤维工业造成的损失",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EA0Q4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EA0Q4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EA0Q4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军拆迁对东北造纸工业方面造成的损失。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EBJ24T8E0001",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "而东北电讯方面，投资集中在新京、沈阳和大连三处,遭受破坏最严重的也是以这三处为重,损失金额达458·8万美元。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1ECEH4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ECEH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ECEH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ECEH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ECEH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在金融方面,苏军还对东北银行进行了大肆洗劫。分别窃掠了满洲中央银行的各种资产717118059日元;窃掠了满洲各城市银行的资产8205万日元;窃掠了各种有价证券707097万日元,合计为7870138059日元,合1851797190美元,以及大量的金、银、钻石等贵重物品。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1ED8D4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ED8D4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ED8D4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ED8D4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ED8D4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "另外,食品和杂项工业方面的损失为59056000美元。苏军除了对上面所述的财产进行掠夺以外,还发行了97亿满元的军用票,几乎是满洲纸币发行量的2倍。苏联人利用其发行的临时货币购买了大量物资,造成了严重的通货膨胀。1946年6月1日,苏联大使照会中国政府,苏军剩余的军用票由中国方面收回,但是要求赔偿法币6258·1万元。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EDS74T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EDS74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EDS74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EDS74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EDS74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "除了对工矿业拆迁以外,苏联军队还洗劫了东北地区的医院(抗日战争结束时,日本人在满洲共建立了18家医院)、图书馆、实验室、中小学校和大学。阜新、鞍山、本溪湖和烟台等工业区医院的外科器具、机器、实验室设备和药品等必备用品被洗劫一空,住院的病人也不知去向。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EEFA4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EEFA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EEFA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EEFA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EEFA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1946年5月苏军占领期结束时,整个东北已经找不到一家装备完整的医院了。驻沈阳的东北大学被洗劫一空,只剩下光秃秃的围墙,哈尔滨和长春的装备良好的教育设施也未能幸免。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EF494T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EF494T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EF494T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EF494T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EF494T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏联军队还征用了鞍山、阜新等工业城市的粮库,粮库里的粮食被用来支付拆迁工人的报酬。长春“满洲国”政府大楼被苏军搬空后放火焚烧,由于大厦具有相当的耐火性,他们就挨间放火焚烧。苏军撤走后,鞍山和阜新等大城市的医院设施和现代交通设施也都毁坏殆尽。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EF6P4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EF6P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EF6P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EF6P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EF6P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军对东北日资工矿业的拆迁,总值达20亿美元左右。根据国民政府赔偿委员会的统计,除东北地区外,中国在整个抗日战争期间的直接经济损失达313·30156亿美元。苏军在短短的几个月时间中,对东北工矿业的拆迁所造成的直接经济损失就占抗战时期全国直接经济损失的6·38%,可见苏军拆迁所造成的破坏后果是极其严重的,使得东北经济陷入瘫痪,延缓了东北经济恢复的时间。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EFS24T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EFS24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EFS24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EFS24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EFS24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "日本投降后,国民政府着手进行全面接收东北的工作。但国民政府接收东北的行政机构的确立,比苏军进入东北晚了整整半个月。国民党高层对事态发展出现了明显的判断失误,此时苏军已开始对东北工矿业进行疯狂的拆迁。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EG7G4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EG7G4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EG7G4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EG7G4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EG7G4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏军拆迁东北工矿业是在获取“战利品”的名义下进行的,而1907年海牙陆战章程规定战胜国对占领国财产的处理,首先要分清是公产还是私人财产,凡属私人财产一律不可侵犯。第二,对占领国的公产,必须分清动产和不动产,对动产现金、车船等经过移动不改变其原有价值的财产,战胜国完全有权据为己有。、",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EGNO4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EGNO4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EGNO4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EGNO4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EGNO4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "但对不动产,房屋、土地、工厂、矿山连同机器设备,一律不得搬运毁坏,必须严加看管,等候战后议和时处理。因为这些不动产,一经搬动,其固有的价值将损失殆尽。苏联对东北财产的处理,除了没收现金等动产符合战争法外,对工厂、矿山等机器设备的拆迁,都是典型的违反国际法的行为。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EHO84T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EHO84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EHO84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EHO84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EHO84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1945年11月14日,苏联经济顾问斯拉特科夫斯基向中方代表提出,苏联在东北的商业机构拟向中国政府立案,并拟以没收的日资作为苏方财产与中国合作经营。这是苏联首次提出东北经济合作问题。自此开始,中方以张嘉璈为代表,苏方以苏军驻东北司令官马林诺夫斯基元帅与苏军经济顾问斯拉特科夫斯基为代表进行了多轮的磋商。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EJ144T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EJ144T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EJ144T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EJ144T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EJ144T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "颇费踌躇之后,张嘉敖向苏方提议对苏军偿以一笔军费,“其数目拟定为东北流通券十亿元。将来合办事业种类确定后,苏方即以此十亿元充作资本。苏方不再提出战利品问题”。苏方对此建议加以拒绝。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EK9M4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EK9M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EK9M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EK9M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EK9M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "谈判陷入僵局，身为外交特派员的蒋经国衔父命出使苏联与斯大林协商东北问题的有关事宜。在第二次会谈期间,斯大林对蒋经国说“苏联单方坚持要把在东北为关东军生产的工厂以战利品看待。中方的不同意态度,已使苏联军方感觉受辱。”",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EKL64T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EKL64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EKL64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EKL64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EKL64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "“根据战争法,只有为日本关东军从事生产的企业才被苏军当成战利品。”这些“战利品”应该由苏、中双方在平等的基础上共管。蒋经国对此表示异议,并转达蒋介石对此问题的建议“苏联不将任何工厂声明为战利品。而由中国政府交付苏方东北工厂的半数,作为苏军对日作战的补偿,并彰显中、苏友谊。”、",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EL9U4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EL9U4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EL9U4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EL9U4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EL9U4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "斯大林对此意见表示不满,称苏联对在波兰的德国企业也是同等对待的,也是只没收了德属工厂一半的设备。但他又表示,他将对蒋介石的建议加以考虑,然后采取“不伤中国感情”的措施。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1ELJ04T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ELJ04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ELJ04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ELJ04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ELJ04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏联在东北的所作所为时刻都没有逃过美国的视线。正在中国调处的马歇尔表示,中国在任何情况下都不能答应苏联要求,即使苏联推迟撤军也应在所不惜。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EMI84T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EMI84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EMI84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EMI84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EMI84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "美国对中苏经济合作谈判的介入,使得双方的谈判更趋艰难。英国与美国同一步调,也做了同样的表示。在苏联掠夺东北财产的问题上,中、美、英三国达成了共识。1946年3月底,中苏经济合作谈判宣告彻底失败。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1ENE74T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ENE74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ENE74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ENE74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ENE74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "从表面上看,这次经济合作谈判成败与否没有实质的意义,因为70—80%的东北工矿业机器设备已被苏联拆运而走。但实际上,整个经济谈判的过程却影响了国民政府的接收工作。苏军驻守东北,使得国民政府接收东北不利。这样,谈判的目的之一就是尽快促成苏军的撤离。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EO5J4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EO5J4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EO5J4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EO5J4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EO5J4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "抗日战争结束以后,对日索赔问题成为同盟各国关注的问题之一。赔偿问题牵涉到对日作战的各个国家利益,纠纷在所难免,为了协调各国的利益,尽快达成有关日本赔偿的协议,成立了由中、苏、美、英等国组成的远东委员会,专门负责赔偿事宜。国民政府成立了行政院赔偿委员会,作为处理赔偿问题的专门机构。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EPU64T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EPU64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EPU64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EPU64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EPU64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "美国在远东委员会上极力主张将苏联拆走的工业设备纳入到日本赔偿范围之内。这样,苏军拆走的财产则将为各国所共享,苏联在赔偿问题上分“一杯羹”的计划将以破产而告终。苏联坚决反对,认为那些是苏军的“战利品”,而不应包括在赔偿范围内。正是由于美、苏双方在远东委员会上的意见不一致,导致了赔偿协议迟迟不能通过。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1EQ294T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EQ294T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EQ294T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EQ294T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1EQ294T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "从历史客观的角度讲,苏联的对日索赔实质上是没有多少资格的,因为苏军在东北的对日作战只持续了几天,无法与旷日持久、耗资巨大的太平洋战场比拟。相对于中国军队的抗战而言,苏军出兵东北只不过是抗战尾声。苏联在东北的财产搬运,是趁中国军队远离事发地区,尚没有武装力量对其进行阻止。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1ER0N4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ER0N4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ER0N4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ER0N4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ER0N4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "关于战后东北财产的处理原则,同盟国分别在莫斯科、波茨坦和巴黎就赔偿问题进行的磋商中达成了协议如果东北的工业设备能够保存完好,就利用其发挥其最大的经济效用。盟国对东北财产的未来处置进行了明确的规定,这是从保护东北工业的原则出发而考虑的。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1ER0M4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ER0M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ER0M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ER0M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ER0M4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "然而,苏联对东北的财产野心美国并非没有觉察。但当时的美国忙于占领日本本土,对苏军的拆迁行为并没有有效制止。杜鲁门就有关赔款问题说过,“中国抗战八年,苏对日作战仅数日,向日本要求赔偿,中国自应居首位,其次为菲列滨,再则为美国,至苏联不应要求。”",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF1ERL64T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ERL64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ERL64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ERL64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF1ERL64T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "苏联拆迁东北工矿产业在客观上延缓了东北的经济恢复进程,进而在一定程度上滞缓了东北地区的现代化进程,继而对整个中国的现代化进程也产生了一定的影响。而从当时的整个国际态势来讲,美苏就拆迁问题而发生的对抗,是战后美苏联盟走向解体的开始,是美苏长达半个世纪的“冷战”大戏的预演。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ATF2RE5K4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF2RE5K4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF2RE5K4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF2RE5K4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-01/ATF2RE5K4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "<a href=＂http://war.163.com/special/jingjian/＂>点击看更多《镜鉴记》内容</a>",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }