图说火箭助推起飞的发展

2016-01-15 10:37

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标签：火箭助推起飞短距起飞

火箭助推起飞，这种看起颇有几分“脑洞”但又现实可行的起飞辅助方式，应用的历史还是挺长的，可以追溯到螺旋桨飞机主打的二战时期，其用意上自始至终都是为了缩短战机起飞距离。

图说火箭助推起飞的发展

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                   "note": "火箭助推起飞，这种看起颇有几分“脑洞”但又现实可行的起飞辅助方式，应用的历史还是挺长的，可以追溯到螺旋桨飞机主打的二战时期，其用意上自始至终都是为了缩短战机起飞距离。图为美海军的TBF鱼雷轰炸机。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "二战的经典机型，PBY“卡特琳娜”水上飞机正通过火箭助推急速爬升。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "在随着美军掌握核武器技术后，美国空军一时间垄断了核武器的投送平台，对此美国空军便以P-2V“海王星”岸基反潜巡逻机，加装8个助推火箭来作为海军的过渡型核轰炸机，图即为从中途岛“罗斯福”号上的“单程”起飞（于友军基地降落）。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "1951年7月，P2V“海王星”从“罗斯福”号航母上火箭助推起飞。不过从后来的历史时间段里我们看到，美国海军的核打击手段转向了水下的核潜艇。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "同样冷战后，在铁幕下东西双方预设敌情下，都想到了空军的机场跑道会成为对方首轮打击中重点关照的对象，最高效的紧急起飞升空，包括轰炸机在内的力求起飞跑道长度的更短。由此催生的除了有短距垂直起降战斗机（攻击机、运输机）外，还有火箭助推起飞的广泛应用。图为B-47B火箭助推起飞后的“遮天蔽日”。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "火箭助推起飞的RB-45C“龙卷风”侦察机。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "英国的“胜利者”轰炸机的机腹两侧下挂载的火箭助推器。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "对于短距起飞能力的追求，限于当时的发动机技术水平，只能转向对火箭助推的重视。图为瑞士幻影III战斗机的火箭助推起飞。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "图为火箭助推器推动下迅速爬升中的法国空军幻影III。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "对比于瑞士空军的幻影III，法国的原装货采用的是SEPR 844火箭助推器，从上图的贴合曲线来看，显然是更专业的诚意走心。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                {
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                   "note": "自然东方阵营也少不了这种火箭助退起飞，图为米格-21。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                {
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                   "note": "这种火箭助推起飞的进一步极致化或者说极端化发展就是“零距离起飞”，战机的起飞完全不需要跑道上的滑跑，而是腹部加装助推火箭飞机在特质的拖车或平台上，助推火箭点火后把飞机“发射”出去。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                ,
                {
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                   "note": "火箭助推下的“零距离起飞”使得战斗机基本摆脱了对机场跑道的依赖，甚至在核战争的背景下部署在洞库或其他具备抗核打击能力的掩体中，在核打击过后起飞作战。图为零距离起飞试验中翼下还挂载了核弹模型的F-100。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "1959 年，“零距离起飞”的F-100试验了从室内掩体中零距离的“发射”起飞，但这种机场跑道受损或直接掩体内零距离的起飞，随之而来的问题便是“降落”，只能在能找到的机场着陆，甚至不得不弃机跳伞。这种“单程”使得零距离起飞发展陷入瓶颈。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                {
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                   "note": "北约阵营的西德空军，面对华约装甲集群和战机威胁的首轮泰山压顶版的突袭，对这种“零距离起飞”有着更强烈的需求。但同样火箭助推下的“零距离起飞”，要不只能“单程”，要不然还是没有解决对跑道的依赖，所以西德还是放弃了“零距离起飞”F-104G的发展。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "osize": {},
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                   "note": "同时期苏联也用米格-19展开了零距离起飞试验，代号“SM-30”。同样，这种火箭助推起飞方式最后是因为“降落”的问题没有了下文。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "当然关于零距离起飞后的降落问题，美国在试验之初就提出了不需要跑道的“软垫着陆”，飞机的尾钩钩住拦阻索，在软气垫上强制降落。但这种降落方式在试验中暴露出了安全隐患和对飞行员的潜在人身伤害，未能成行。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "飞机加装助推火箭的短距起飞，并非只是1 1，背后对于载机而言关系到机体强度、飞行操控性能，而助推火箭的使用又有着成本、可靠性、安全性等方面的衍生问题。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "所以最后各国空军对于“零距离起飞”技术的研究，由火箭助推转向了“推力偏转”的短距垂直起降，便有了AV-8B/海鹞、雅克-38、雅克-141和今天的F-35B。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
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                   "note": "今天的火箭助推起飞对于大型飞行器而言则是属于特种需求场景下的辅助起飞角色，而对无人机、导弹等而言，火箭助推起飞相对常见。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BDA9VKHH4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-01-14/BDA9VKHH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-01-14/BDA9VKHH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-01-14/BDA9VKHH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-01-14/BDA9VKHH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "或者成为视觉系中“蓝天使”飞行表演队的show time。（鸣谢鼎盛论坛网友：希弦）",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }