移动碉堡：以色列研60吨步战车配电磁装甲

2016-10-11 07:31

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标签：碉堡以色列步战车

作为号称“世界上巷战经验最丰富的军队”，以色列国防军（IDF）为应对复杂的城市作战环境，从20世纪80年代开始，开始以现有坦克底盘为基础，改造出了多种外形奇特的重型装甲运兵车，例如题图中的“移动碉堡”，纳格玛乔恩战车，本期就此解读。

移动碉堡：以色列研60吨步战车配电磁装甲

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                "prevue": "作为号称“世界上巷战经验最丰富的军队”，以色列国防军（IDF）为应对复杂的城市作战环境，从20世纪80年代开始，开始以现有坦克底盘为基础，改造出了多种外形奇特的重型装甲运兵车，例如题图中的“移动碉堡”，纳格玛乔恩战车，本期就此解读。",
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                   "note": "20世纪80年代初，面对黎巴嫩真主党等大批游击队武装的频繁袭击，当时以军装备的M113装甲运兵车的铝合金装甲防护力太差，很难防御重机枪和RPG火箭筒袭击，损失惨重。以军急需一种重型装甲车来应对这类低烈度冲突。出于应急，以军直接利用第三次中东战争中遗留下的大量“逊邱伦”坦克进行改装，拆除炮塔，加装了重装甲的“纳格玛肖特”重型装甲运兵车随即问世。 图为纳格玛肖特装甲车（狗窝I型）与梅卡瓦坦克协同行动。",
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                   "note": "由于配有重装甲，纳格马肖特的防护力与M113相比，有了质的飞跃，以军士兵为其起了“袋鼠”的绰号。初期型车顶加装有3面装甲防盾，并配有多挺7.62毫米通用机枪用于自卫。但由于是应急装备，该型车每辆只能搭载6名步兵，且整体设计粗糙，步兵上下车十分不便，最后只能被当作装甲工程车使用。 图为艺术家绘制的未加装“狗窝”装甲碉堡的初期型纳格马肖特战车。",
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                   "note": "随着巷战激烈程度的不断升级，以军后又在车体上安装了全包围的上层装甲塔楼，绰号“狗窝”，整体防护力有了进一步提升。图为专业军迷制作的纳格玛肖特装甲车（狗窝I型）模型。",
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                   "note": "纳格玛乔恩在车体上加装有一个大型装甲塔楼，外形酷似碉堡，可为乘员提供全方位保护，该碉堡配有多挺7.62毫米FN MAG通用机枪，乘员不仅拥有开阔视野，而且还能从内向外射击。 图为纳格玛乔恩装甲车多视图。",
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                   "note": "图为纳格玛乔恩装甲车与梅卡瓦坦克协同行动，可见独特的碉堡外形十分醒目。",
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                   "note": "除“移动碉堡”外，以军还于1988年在之前缴获的苏制T-55（54）坦克基础上改装了一种新型装甲运兵车（拆除炮塔，重新改造车身，用650匹柴油引擎替换老水冷柴油引擎），名为阿奇扎里特（另译：恶妇）。该型战车配有3挺7.62毫米轻机枪以及1门60毫米迫击炮。在“雌虎”问世前，该型车号称是以军防护性能最好的战车，曾参加过多次加沙和黎巴嫩冲突，并有出色表现。图为“阿奇扎里特”战车。",
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                   "note": "阿奇扎里特全车长6.2米，宽3.6米，高不小于2米，全重44吨。全车除3名乘员外，还可搭载7名步兵。该车的最大特点有两个，一是首次搭载了拉斐尔公司的“车顶遥控武器站”（OWS），乘员可在车内直接遥控一挺7.62毫米轻机枪开火，无需暴露自身；二是在车体后部留出一条狭小通道，安装了专供步兵出入的车尾蚌壳式舱门（如图所示）。图为“阿奇扎里特”战车剖面图。",
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                   "note": "十分难得的一张对比照，从远至近依次为纳格玛乔恩、阿奇扎里特装甲运兵车和梅卡瓦Mk4主战坦克。",
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                   "note": "“雌虎”是IDF于2008年装备的最新一代重型步兵战车，由梅卡瓦坦克改进而来，全重达到60吨，也是全球最重且防护性能最好的步兵战车。“雌虎”可搭载3名乘员和9名步兵。车顶搭载有一座“参孙”遥控武器站，可选配12.7毫米重机枪或榴弹发射器。防护方面，除模块化装甲外，2009年曾有外媒报道，IDF计划为其配备电磁装甲（可利用高压电提前引爆火箭弹头）。“雌虎”在该类战车中已达到了巅峰水准。",
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                   "note": "由于是基于梅卡瓦坦克底盘改进而来，雌虎也有保留原版特有的尾部舱门。",
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                   "note": "“雌虎”出众的作战性能甚至引起了美军的注意。由于自身对城市战装甲车也有迫切需求，美军曾于2012年5月从以国防军租借了一辆“雌虎”，运至本土进行作战评估测试。但评估显示，“雌虎”不仅价格昂贵，而且为配合美军作战，还需进行多项改造，只得作罢。图为美军在德克萨斯州测试“雌虎”资料图。",
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                   "note": "在戈兰高地演习中的雌虎重型步兵战车。",
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                   "note": "本图可见纳格玛乔恩战车的高度明显要高于梅卡瓦主战坦克。",
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                   "note": "从废墟中拍摄的纳格玛乔恩装甲车，颇具压迫感。",
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                {
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                   "note": "图为行驶中的纳吉玛乔恩装甲车，顶部还有一名以军女兵竖起胜利手势。",
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                   "note": "图为以军士兵与“雌虎”战车合影，可见其尺寸之大。",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为纳格玛乔恩装甲运兵车的模型封绘。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "C31GUFV554TD0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-10-10/C31GUFV554TD0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-10-10/C31GUFV554TD0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-10-10/C31GUFV554TD0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-10-10/C31GUFV554TD0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为艺术家绘制的纳格马肖特重型步兵战车。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "C31GUG3P54TD0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-10-10/C31GUG3P54TD0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-10-10/C31GUG3P54TD0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-10-10/C31GUG3P54TD0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-10-10/C31GUG3P54TD0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "作为号称“世界上巷战经验最丰富的军队”，以色列国防军（IDF）为应对复杂的城市作战环境，从20世纪80年代开始，开始以现有坦克底盘为基础，改造出了多种外形奇特的重型装甲运兵车，例如题图中的“移动碉堡”，纳格玛乔恩战车，本期就此解读。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }