老鹞战斗机战果辉煌

2016-12-30 07:45

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标签：鹞式战斗机空袭

提起“鹞”式短垂战机，大家很快会想到电影《真实的谎言》中，州长驾驶AV-8B横扫恐怖分子的经典桥段。本图集将简析美军AV-8B“鹞”II在1991年海湾战争中的表现。

老鹞战斗机战果辉煌

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                   "note": "提起“鹞”式短垂战机，大家很快会想到电影《真实的谎言》中，州长驾驶AV-8B横扫恐怖分子的经典桥段。本图集重点简析美军AV-8B“鹞”II在1991年海湾战争中的表现。图为在阿富汗上空执行作战任务的美海军陆战队AV-8B编队，摄于2012年。",
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                   "note": "AV-8B诞生于20世纪70年代中期，由原美国麦道公司（后并入波音）与英国BAE系统公司在“鹞”式战机基础上联合研发，主要用于执行近距空中支援（或舰队防空）任务，是美军现役战机中为数不多的多国研发机型。图为AV-8B彩色剖面图。",
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                   "note": "AV-8B全机长14.12米，翼展9.25米，机高3.55米，以短距起飞（滑跑距离仅需524米）方式起飞时，最大起飞重量14吨（垂直起降时为9.4吨），最大平飞速度0.9马赫，最大作战半径556千米。图为第一架AV-8B“鹞”II（英军编号：GR.5） ZD318原型机资料图，由于前机身和机翼由当时的麦道公司制造，颜色有所不同。",
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                   "note": "AV-8B具备出色的近距空中支援能力，能挂载不同种类的武器弹药应对不同类型的作战任务，该机两翼下共有6个挂点，短距起飞时最大载弹量为4.2吨（垂直起降时为3吨）。其外挂12枚227公斤Mk82航弹时，可以167千米的作战半径，连续巡逻1个小时；外挂7枚Mk82炸弹和副油箱时，能以187千米的作战半径，巡逻3小时。 图为AV-8B外挂武器示意图。",
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                   "note": "除外挂武器外，AV-8B还有一门五管25毫米GAU-12型加特林航炮，位于机身左侧下方吊舱内，最大射速每分4200发，备弹300发。执行空地支援任务时，AV-8B通常载2个19联装火箭巢、2枚Mk-82航弹和2枚“响尾蛇”空空导弹用于自卫。需要时也可挂载AGM-65空地导弹或“鱼叉”反舰导弹。图为AV-8B使用GAU-12加特林航炮开火资料图。",
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                   "note": "图为AV-8B配备的25毫米GAU-12五管加特林航炮航炮吊舱结构示意图，布局较为独特，一侧为航炮，另一侧为弹舱。",
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                   "note": "AV-8B首次大规模实战是在1991年的“沙漠军刀”行动期间，美军AV-8B机群采用前沿部署方式，伴随地面部队行动，通常会在作战空域待命20分钟，战况激烈时，机群每隔15分钟就会轮换一次，以补充燃油和弹药。 图为1991年拍摄的部署在前线基地的美军AV-8B战机，可见近处整齐摆放的“蛇眼“减速炸弹。",
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                   "note": "整个作战期间，AV-8B总出击次数为3380架次，总飞行时间只有4083个飞行小时，可见起降次数之频繁。图为1991年拍摄的，美海军部署在波斯湾的两栖战舰上的AV-8B机群。",
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                   "osize": {},
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                   "note": "据美军战后总结，海湾战争期间，AV-8B的“作战任务执行成功率”超过90%，损失很小，仅有5架被击落，2名飞行员阵亡。但AV-8B也有一些致命硬伤，例如作战半径过短（尽管可以通过前沿部署、快速出击的方式弥补），载弹量少。图为短暂降落在前线基地，正在进行“热加油”（在发动机不熄火的情况下，补充油料）的美陆战队AV-8B攻击机。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "C9H3KIKP4T8E0001",
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                   "note": "另外就是红外信号特征较大，容易被敌方红外制导地空导弹锁定。图为夜视仪拍摄的美军AV-8B夜间着舰画面，可见“飞马”发动机喷口产生的强烈红外信号，很容易被采用红外制导的单兵肩扛式防空导弹锁定。",
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                   "note": "图为AV-8B投放“蛇眼”减速炸弹。",
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                {
                   "id": "C9H3KJNE4T8E0001",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为隶属于美海军陆战队VMA-513中队的4架AV-8B以密集编队飞行。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "C9H3KK444T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-12-30/C9H3KK444T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为由AV-8B的平视显示器（HUD）视角拍摄的4机密集编队飞行资料图。",
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                ,
                {
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                   "note": "进入二十一世纪后，随着最新型的F-35B舰载隐身短垂战机陆续服役，AV-8B开始逐渐退出历史舞台，为这位作战性能更强的“后辈”让路。图为AV-8B与F-35B编队飞行。",
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                {
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为电影《真实的谎言》出场的AV-8B，从挂载可见采用的是标准对地配置，每架挂有2枚AGM-65空地导弹（已发射），2个19联装火箭巢和2枚“响尾蛇”空空导弹，图中这两架隶属于美海军陆战队VMA-223“斗牛犬”攻击机中队。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "C9H3KLN74T8E0001",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为《真实的谎言》中的经典场面，州长驾驶AV-8B，将挂有反派的“响尾蛇”导弹发射出去（剧情需要，现实中的AIM-9导弹没法在挂有一个成人的情况下，还能保持直线飞行）。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "C9H3KR484T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-12-30/C9H3KR484T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图中这架机身上带有中文“虎”字的AV-8B隶属于驻日美海军陆战队VMA-542舰载攻击机中队，刚好该中队的绰号是“老虎”（Tiger）。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "C9H3KRG64T8E0001",
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                   "note": "图为美海军陆战队地勤在“佩里硫”号两栖攻击舰上正在维护AV-8B的25毫米航炮吊舱，如图所示，其采用了可分离式设计。",
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                {
                   "id": "C9H3KS484T8E0001",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "AV-8B齐射红外诱饵弹资料图。",
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