石牌保卫战：中国的斯大林格勒保卫战

2015-01-13 15:17

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标签：石牌保卫战抗日战争

石牌保卫战的意义极其重大，是抗战的重大军事转折点，西方军事家誉之为“东方斯大林格勒保卫战”，甚至可以说，对中国抗日战争的最后结局都产生了深远的影响。点击看更多军事历史内容

石牌保卫战：中国的斯大林格勒保卫战

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                "prevue": "石牌保卫战的意义极其重大，是抗战的重大军事转折点，西方军事家誉之为“东方斯大林格勒保卫战”，甚至可以说，对中国抗日战争的最后结局都产生了深远的影响。<a href=＂http://war.163.com/special/mh/＂>点击看更多军事历史内容</a>",
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                   "note": "石牌是个不足百户的古镇，在宜昌县(今宜昌市夷陵区)境内，位于长江三峡西陵峡右岸，距离宜昌城30多里，扼守长江天险，历来都是兵家必争之地。",
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                   "note": "日军侵占宜昌后，石牌便成为拱卫陪都重庆的第一道门户，也可以说是唯一一道可以称作“天险”的门户。石牌一旦被攻陷，在日军的水陆空配合下，重庆将无险可守，中国将无险可守。",
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                   "note": "中日双方都看到了这里的重要性，中国海军于1938年冬就在石牌设置了第一炮台，安装大炮共10尊，配备漂雷队、烟幕队和100余名官兵，用于封锁长江。",
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                   "note": "果然，1941年3月上旬，日军以重兵从宜昌对岸进攻石牌正面的平善坝，并以另一路进攻石牌侧翼之曹家畈。两路日军当时都遭到我守军的严重打击，惨败而归。吸取教训的日军不敢贸然从正面夺取石牌要塞，于是，1943年5月，日军采取大兵团迂回石牌背后企图攻而取之。",
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                   "note": "身在重庆的蒋介石自然对石牌要塞的安危极为关注，他不止一次地给六战区陈诚、江防军吴奇伟拍来电报，强调确保石牌要塞。5月22日，蒋介石又发来电令：“石牌要塞应指定一师死守。”如此重任即落在十八军第十一师身上，师长胡琏，一位国军的名将。",
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                   "note": "1943年5月25日，日军逼近石牌要塞。",
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                   "note": "双方的兵力对比如下：日军，两个师团、一个旅团，一共10万兵力直面扑来；国军，胡琏率领的十八军第十一师驻守核心阵地，第十集团军第九十四军主力掩护右翼，空军战机协同作战，并对日军后方实施轰炸，切断敌之增援和补给。",
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                   "note": "在此关键时刻，从重庆传来蒋介石5月26日颁行的手令。蒋公指出，石牌乃中国的斯大林格勒，是关系陪都安危之要地。并严令胡琏等诸将领，英勇杀敌，坚守石牌要塞，勿失聚歼敌军之良机。",
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                   "note": "接到手令的胡琏当即立下遗嘱，决心与石牌共存亡，并把师指挥所推进到离火线很近的虫客蚂包，亲临指挥。胡琏遗书写道：诸子长大成人，仍以当军人为父报仇，为国效忠为宜。",
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                   "note": "5月28日，日军第三、第三十九师团开始向石牌推进，向我第十一师第一道防线南林坡阵地发起攻击。同时，右邻之十八师阵地也受到日军的袭击。至此，一场争夺石牌之战在西陵峡展开。战斗之激烈，为八年抗战中鄂西战事所绝有。",
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                   "note": "这是一场惨烈的战斗，成建制地殉国。第十一师三十一团三营驻守的南林坡阵地是日军主攻目标，在九连、八连相继打光之后，七连坚守阵地四天四夜，没有后退一步，仅存70余人奉命撤出战斗，迫击炮炮手全部牺牲，重机枪排死亡惨重，技术兵幸存无几。图为石牌抗战纪念碑（已不是原址）。",
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                   "note": "5月29日，日军第三十九师团主力分兵两路向我十一师阵地大举进犯。日军为了攻占主峰大松岭，在飞机支援下，向我坚守主峰阵地第十一师的一个连发起数次冲锋。终因众寡悬殊，该连亦伤亡过半，被迫撤离牛场坡。由于失去屏障，5月30日朱家坪被敌攻占。",
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                   "note": "与此同时，日军第三师团另一部越过桃子垭，向桥边南之天台观一线我十八军暂编第三十四师阵地进犯。天台观是我军这一带的制高点。这天，日军沿点心河从天台观背面向我攻击，企图夺取天台观。",
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                   "note": "当敌进至点心河时，即遭到我军阻击，一举毙伤敌300多人。日军无奈遂转攻王家坝，又遭我军分头迎击，无法进展。这时，第三师团的中火田部队前来驰援，卡断了天台观与大军的联系。",
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                   "note": "守卫天台观的暂三十四师一排战士与敌顽强拼搏。日军几攻不下，又调来飞机助战。我一排战士聚集在冬荆树下坚持战斗，飞机竟把冬荆树炸成秃桩，山头土翻几层，一排全部殉国。",
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                   "note": "日军攻下天台观后，骑兵队突入窄溪口，又遭到我龙家岩阵地守军迫击炮的攻击，迫使敌骑落荒后撤。不久，日军步兵在飞机掩护下强行通过窄溪，向八斗方我十一师二线阵地突进。",
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                   "note": "石牌要塞保卫战打得非常艰苦，一方志在必得，一方拼命死守。5月29日，胡琏对团长们发令：“从明天起，我们将与敌人短兵相接……战至最后一个，将敌人枯骨埋葬于此，将我们的英名与血肉涂写在石牌的岩石上。”",
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                   "note": "自日军进入我石牌外围主阵地后，由于这一带丛山峻岭，其步兵仅能携山炮配合作战，抵挡不住我军之打击。于是便用飞机轰炸以代替炮击，每天保持9架飞机低飞助战。",
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                   "note": "到了5月30日，越来越多的日军突破外围防御，开始强攻石牌要塞。敌在空军掩护下，分成若干小股向我阵地猛攻，只要有一点空隙，日军即以密集队伍冲锋，作锥形深入。",
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                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M1PG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M1PG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M1PG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "当敌我双方都以不惜生命为代价摧夺着石牌前沿的阵地时，战区总司令陈诚上将曾给胡琏打过电话：“守住要塞有无把握”胡琏斩钉截铁地回答：“成功虽无把握，成仁确有决心!”其英雄气概可见一斑。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFRK6I6Q4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-13/AFRK6I6Q4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-13/AFRK6I6Q4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-13/AFRK6I6Q4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-13/AFRK6I6Q4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "几个小时之内，国家的命运就要被决定，而胜利的天平似乎又在向日本方向倾斜。越来越多的中日两军士兵开始上刺刀——他们已经近到能够清晰地看到彼此的面庞了。在这个时候，成千上万中日两军的士兵正端着刺刀冲向彼此。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFP7M2QB4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M2QB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M2QB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M2QB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M2QB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "我十一师官兵在胡琏指挥下奋勇作战，在曹家畈附近的大小高家岭上曾有3个小时听不到枪声，这不是双方停战，更不是休息，而是仗已经打到无法开枪的程度了，敌我两军扭作一团展开肉搏战，他们在拼刺刀，第二次世界大战中规模最大的白刃战就此爆",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFP7M3874T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M3874T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M3874T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M3874T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M3874T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "攻击三角岩、四方湾之敌1000余人，为争夺制高点黔驴技穷，一度施放催泪瓦斯弹。我军无防化设备，用血肉之躯与敌相拼，竟奇迹般将敌歼灭殆尽。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFRM6QNG4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-13/AFRM6QNG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-13/AFRM6QNG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-13/AFRM6QNG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-13/AFRM6QNG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "八斗方之争夺，是这次战斗最为激烈的地方。敌每一寸土地之进展，必须付出同等血肉之代价。两军在此弹丸之地反复冲杀，日月为之黯然失色。我军浴血奋战，击毙日军近2000人，阵地前沿敌军尸体呈金字塔形（图为现在的八斗方茶园）。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFP7M48H4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M48H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M48H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M48H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M48H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "《中国国家地理》曾这样描写在这场白刃战中战死的少年：“那时候，中国农民家的孩子营养普遍不好，十六七岁的小兵，大多还没有上了刺刀的步枪高。他们就端着比自己还长的枪上阵拼命。如果他们活着，都已是七八十岁的老人了。他们也会在自家的橘园里吸着小口的香茶，悠闲地看着儿孙，温暖地颐养天年。可他们为了别的中国人能有这一切，死掉了。”",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFP7M4NL4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M4NL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M4NL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M4NL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M4NL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在那个残酷的午后，无数壮士的鲜血浸透了长江南岸的土地。三个小时没有枪声的拼杀后，白刃战落下了帐幕，1500名中国士兵静静地躺在中国最美的江山中。他们曾英勇地战斗，此时却安静、腼腆，犹如他们短暂生命中的大多数时间那样。中国军队的阵地没有丢失，败退的是日本人。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFP7M59H4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M59H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M59H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M59H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M59H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "为配合陆军作战，保卫石牌，我空军和美国盟军战机频频出动，在战场或战场附近对日军进行攻击，断敌增援和补给。5月31日，在石牌大战的最后时刻，我空军与地面部队联合作战，同日军飞机展开激烈的空战，击落敌机6架。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFP7M5LC4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M5LC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M5LC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M5LC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M5LC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "石牌要塞的海军官兵，除不断向长江江面布放漂流水雷，阻止日军舰船溯江西上与陆军协同外，他们坚守炮台战斗岗位，沉着应战，任凭日军飞机、大炮猛烈轰击，临危不惧，决心与炮台共存亡。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFP7M68T4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M68T4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M68T4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M68T4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M68T4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "由于守军意志坚决，日军久攻石牌不下，损兵折将惨重，士气和信心完全丧失。到了5月31日夜晚，战场上的枪炮声突然沉寂下来，进犯石牌之敌纷纷掉头东逃。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFP7M6NT4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M6NT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M6NT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M6NT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M6NT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "石牌要塞虽历经烽火，但仍屹立在西陵峡之滨，固若金汤，如同一座铜墙铁壁。此次石牌大战，我军打死打伤日军达7000人。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AFP7M78B4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M78B4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M78B4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M78B4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-01-12/AFP7M78B4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "石牌保卫战从1939年3月设江防开始，到1943年6月石牌决战取得胜利止，历时5年。中国军队投入兵力15万人，日军投入10万兵力，日军伤亡兵力25718人，损失飞机45架，汽车75辆，船艇122艘;中国军队仅伤亡一万余人取得胜利。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }