廓尔喀兵天下无敌？历史上曾被清军痛击

2015-04-20 12:47

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标签：廓尔喀清军历史

19世纪初，英国殖民者以3万兵力入侵尼泊尔，而后者只有1.2万人。但令不可一世的大英帝国没想到的是，他们苦战2年、付出了重大伤亡后才最终实现和平，这就是著名的1814年英尼战争。点击看更多军事历史内容

廓尔喀兵天下无敌？历史上曾被清军痛击

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                "prevue": "19世纪初，英国殖民者以3万兵力入侵尼泊尔，而后者只有1.2万人。但令不可一世的大英帝国没想到的是，他们苦战2年、付出了重大伤亡后才最终实现和平，这就是著名的1814年英尼战争。<a href=＂http://war.163.com/special/mh/＂>点击看更多军事历史内容</a>",
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                   "note": "19世纪初，英国殖民者以3万兵力入侵尼泊尔，而后者只有1.2万人。但令不可一世的大英帝国没想到的是，他们苦战2年、付出了重大伤亡后才最终实现和平，这就是著名的1814年英尼战争。图为描绘这场战争的画作。",
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                   "note": "此战期间，英属东印度公司首次遭遇来自喜马拉雅山脚的廓尔喀士兵。在随后的僵持过程中，两军士兵开始惺惺相惜。英国设法在停火协议中使这些拥有顽强战斗精神的“廓尔喀人”得以被招募为东印度公司服务。图为描述1814年英尼战争的画作，画中的持刀武士就是当时的廓尔喀军队指挥官，请注意他的左手拿的就是著名的廓尔喀库利克弯刀。",
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                   "note": "实际上，廓尔喀人使用的弯刀不只一种形状。当年就是靠着弯刀、弓箭等冷兵器，廓尔喀人让英国殖民者吃尽了苦头。",
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                   "note": "然而，这些让英国殖民者敬畏三分的廓尔喀士兵，其实早在英尼战争爆发20多年前，就曾被当时的清朝军队揍得鼻青脸肿，乞降求饶。图为清廷外籍画师郎世宁所绘的乾隆帝戎装图。",
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                   "note": "1788年和1791年，廓尔喀人两度进犯中国西藏。1792年，清乾隆帝命大将军福康安率兵反击侵略者。福康安得令后，带领部队60天徒步急行军4600里入藏，一败廓尔喀军于擦木，二败敌寇于济咙，毙俘廓尔喀兵数千。图为描绘擦木之战的铜版画，从中可以看出装备有火枪的清军正在围攻廓尔喀军的碉楼。",
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                   "note": "之后，福康安又挥师出境，翻过喜马拉雅山，直捣廓尔喀都城阳布（今加德满都）。其间清军6战皆捷，歼灭廓尔喀兵4000余人，一路攻克廓尔喀人的无数碉卡、营寨，先头部队直抵距阳布仅四十里处。后来清军因懈怠遭对手袭击，兵锋暂时受挫，无力再打下去的廓尔喀人趁机挟小胜求和。",
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                   "note": "乾隆帝慎重考虑后，接受了廓尔喀的乞降。廓尔喀国王表示退回在扎什伦布寺劫掠的财物，今后再不侵犯西藏。这次入藏征讨廓尔喀的胜利，不仅保证了中国西南边境的安宁和西藏的稳定，更成功维护了国家的领土完整。",
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                   "note": "正所谓“时无英雄，遂使竖子成名”。谁都没料到，廓尔喀人竟然因为让英国殖民者头疼不已，而收获了百年“威名”，其历史上的惨败（8000清军痛击3万廓尔喀兵）反倒无人提起了。",
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                   "note": "在1947年以前，廓尔喀雇佣兵主要驻扎在印度境内，在1857年“印度兵变”（印度民族起义）和西北边境省都发挥了决定性作用。",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "廓尔喀军团还曾在中国和马耳他境内作战。图为1896年的廓尔喀士兵。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K16E4T8E0001",
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                   "note": "廓尔喀雇佣兵在西方列强发动的近代侵华战争中，扮演了十分不光彩的角色。图为八国联军中的廓尔喀士兵。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K1UK4T8E0001",
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                   "note": "1904，英国殖民军入侵中国西藏，图为英军中的廓尔喀分队。算起来，这至少是廓尔喀人150年中第3次进犯中国西藏。直到半个多世纪后，强大的中国军队又多次痛击骄横的廓尔喀雇佣兵，打得后者有来无回。",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "廓尔喀士兵。",
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                {
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                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K3HH4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K3HH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "第一次世界大战中，他们曾被派往法国西线以及加利波利和美索不达米亚。图为1915年，第一次世界大战期间参加加利波利战役的第六廓尔喀团士兵。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K4544T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K4544T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K4544T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K4544T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "第一次世界大战中有9万廓尔喀士兵参战，2万多人战死。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K54I4T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K54I4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "第一次世界大战中在法国作战的廓尔喀军队。",
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                {
                   "id": "AN69K5I54T8E0001",
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                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K5I54T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K5I54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "一战结束后，廓尔喀雇佣兵继续在英国殖民地扮演刽子手的角色。图为描绘1919年4月13日阿姆利泽惨案中，廓尔喀士兵开枪屠杀印度民众的画作。据不完全统计，这场惨案至少造成2500人伤亡。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K5SK4T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K5SK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
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                   "note": "说句题外话，印度人历史上和廓尔喀人可谓血海深仇，如今却“一笑泯恩仇”，甚至招募进本国军队为之效力卖命，而北方邻国对印度一贯友好，并替其顶住了来自西方的巨大战略压力（想想看，如果没有北方邻国，西方现在还会对印度有求必应吗？）到头来得到的却是敌视和猜忌，这里面的深层次问题值得深思。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K5QT4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K5QT4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "note": "第二次世界大战爆发后，廓尔喀雇佣兵曾与英国第8军一起出现在北非、西西里和意大利，也曾与斯利姆元帅率领的第14军一起出现在新加坡和缅甸，把在新加坡面对日军时的败局变成了在缅甸和马来亚（马来西亚的一部分，在马来半岛南部，也叫西马来西亚）的胜利。图为1942年在缅甸抗击日军的廓尔喀部队。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K63L4T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K63L4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "note": "二战期间，第7廓尔喀团在意大利作战。",
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                {
                   "id": "AN69K65F4T8E0001",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "二战期间，第4廓尔喀团在战场冲锋。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K6ST4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K6ST4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K6ST4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K6ST4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K6ST4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "二战期间，在北非作战的廓尔喀军队。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K7ND4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K7ND4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K7ND4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K7ND4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K7ND4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "二战时期，一名手持美制汤姆森冲锋枪的廓尔喀士兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K8AJ4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K8AJ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K8AJ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K8AJ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K8AJ4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1945年廓尔喀军队从日军手中夺占仰光。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K95F4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K95F4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K95F4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K95F4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K95F4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "二战期间在缅甸的廓尔喀士兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69K9OP4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K9OP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K9OP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K9OP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69K9OP4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为1947年驻扎在印度的廓尔喀团驻地示意图。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KAMT4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KAMT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KAMT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KAMT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KAMT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1962年，英国女王检阅廓尔喀女王卫队。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KBCK4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KBCK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KBCK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KBCK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KBCK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1972年，在桑赫斯特皇家军事学院的廓尔喀士兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KBU04T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KBU04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KBU04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KBU04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KBU04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在1947年印巴分治后，廓尔喀兵团也一分为二，分别编入印度陆军和英国陆军。在接下来的半个世纪里，英军廓尔喀兵团（包括第2、第6、第7和第10廓尔喀步枪团）主要部署在远东地区，在新加坡、香港、婆罗洲、文莱以及紧急状态下的马来亚服役。图为在紧急状态下的马来亚服役的廓尔喀士兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KCPU4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KCPU4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KCPU4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KCPU4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KCPU4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "驻扎马来西亚的廓尔喀士兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KDG04T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KDG04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KDG04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KDG04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KDG04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1962年，驻扎在北方边境地带的印度廓尔喀士兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KE824T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KE824T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KE824T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KE824T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KE824T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "印度陆军中的廓尔喀士兵在训练。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KERN4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KERN4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KERN4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KERN4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KERN4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "廓尔喀新兵身背35公斤石块进行负重登山训练。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KFOI4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KFOI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KFOI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KFOI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KFOI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "廓尔喀兵团成立了工程团、通信团和后勤团以补充和支持步兵团。再后来，廓尔喀兵团还曾参加福克兰群岛战争（即马岛战争）、科索沃战争和两次海湾战争。图为参加马岛战争的第七廓尔喀团士兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KG914T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KG914T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KG914T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KG914T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KG914T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "阿富汗战场上的廓尔喀士兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KH264T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KH264T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KH264T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KH264T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KH264T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "伊拉克战场上的廓尔喀士兵。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KHV94T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KHV94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KHV94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KHV94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KHV94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "伊拉克战争中的廓尔喀医疗队。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KIJ94T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KIJ94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KIJ94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KIJ94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KIJ94T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "廓尔喀军团士兵向查尔斯王子展示廓尔喀刀。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KJEM4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KJEM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KJEM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KJEM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KJEM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "哈里王子曾称赞廓尔喀战士说，“廓尔喀战士身边是这个世界上最安全的地方”。图为哈里王子与廓尔喀士兵在一起。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AN69KK024T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KK024T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KK024T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KK024T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-14/AN69KK024T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "现在，在英军服役的廓尔喀兵的待遇与英国军人完全一样。退役后他们可以选择加入英国国籍。这是在认可这些乐观、坚定、顽强的廓尔喀人为英国陆军作出的巨大贡献。图为廓尔喀功勋战士。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }