美军“枪骑兵”：15年远程突击12000次

2015-07-19 09:48

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标签：轰炸机

如果说B-52是美空军服役时间最长的轰炸机，那么载弹量最大、且速度最快的又是哪种机型呢？答案非B-1B莫属。本图集将为您详解B-1B，这位大器晚成的“枪骑兵”。

美军“枪骑兵”：15年远程突击12000次

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                   "note": "B-1系列轰炸机的诞生过程可谓是“一波三折”，最初可追溯到20世纪60年代初的“亚音速低空轰炸机”项目（SLAB），当时美空军需要一种新型有人轰炸机作为即将下马的B-70的后继机，由于苏联防空军对高空高速目标的拦截能力不断增强，美军开始转而考虑采用低空突防方式。图为XB-70超音速轰炸机，这是美军研发的第一种3倍音速轰炸机。",
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                   "note": "1964年中期，美空军将方案修改后改称“先进有人战略轰炸机”（AMSA），仍强调低空突防，但增加了超音速突防要求。1969年4月，AMSA获得B-1A的官方正式编号。1970年6月，北美罗克韦尔公司的可变后掠翼方案被美军选中。 图为1971 年 10 月展出的 B-1A 全尺寸模型，机身后展示的是整体式逃生座舱，小图为B-1A的逃生座舱示意图，下方还有制动火箭。（图片来源：空军之翼）。",
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                   "note": "图为B-1A原型机与XB-70轰炸机的珍贵合影。",
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                   "note": "随着航电技术的进步，与B-52不同，B-1A的乘员数量进一步精简，采用4人制机组，分别是正、副飞行员，进攻系统军官（OSO）和防御系统军官（DSO）。图为 B-1B的机身前部剖面图。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为B-1B的前部座舱，左侧为飞行员，右侧为副驾驶。虽然仪表板上仍有部分传统仪表，但相比B-52，B-1B的座舱已现代许多，另一大标志是B-1系列的操纵杆采用了类似战斗机的操纵杆，更便于飞行员对机体进行精密操作。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQGMS4T8E0001",
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                   "note": "图为B-1B的后部座舱， 左侧为防御系统军官（DSO）工作站，负责B-1B的电子战系统以及自卫措施，右侧为进攻系统军官（OSO）席，负责B-1B的武器系统以及投弹等操作。仪表布置以多块多功能显示器为主。",
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                {
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                   "note": "B-1A的试飞进展顺利，美空军也提出了240架的采购订单，但由于航电技术不成熟，B-1项目的成本不断上涨，到1975年时，单机价格已达7000万美元，涨幅超过了之前的所有机型。1977年1月卡特政府取消了B-1A的生产计划，转而升级B-52机群，以搭载新型巡航导弹。不幸中的万幸是，B-1A的试飞工作仍被允许进行。图为采用三色伪装迷彩的B-1A原型机。",
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                {
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                   "note": "按美空军的要求，罗克韦尔公司直接利用2架B-1A原型机改装为B-1B测试机，并表示，B-1B 与 B-1A 通用率达到了 85%，攻击航电系统与 B-52H 的通用率达到90%。图为B-1A与B-1B的外形对比，两者整体区别不大，经过改进后的B-1B，尽管最大平飞速度降至1.2马赫，但综合性能更加成熟（特别是针对当时苏联新型雷达的电子战能力），而且可靠性更强。",
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                ,
                {
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                   "note": "与B-1A不同，除核武器外，B-1B在强化了巡航导弹搭载能力的同时，还具备搭载大批不同种类的对地攻击弹药的能力。图为B-1B的地面武器展示，除能搭载与B-52相同的旋转武器发射器（图中）外，B-1B的整体载弹量要高于B-52。",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQKA74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "这张地面挂载展示图上甚至还包括了AIM-54”不死鸟“远程空空导弹，但这一设想很可能在最近2年成为现实，换装了新型SABR雷达的B-1B理论上可具备空对空作战的能力，只是导弹的型号会换为AIM-120C或AIM-120D空空导弹。",
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                {
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为B-1B的弹舱挂载配置示意图，该型机共有3个弹舱（其中前部的两个弹舱可根据需要合二为一，例如搭载AGM-86B巡航导弹），内部载弹量达到34吨，可搭载美空军武库中几乎所有的弹药，从自由落体核弹、核巡航导弹（根据美俄削减性战略武器条约，B-1B现已不再搭载核武器）到常规航弹，卫星制导弹药，甚至反舰导弹、水雷均可囊括。",
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                   "id": "AUSJQLQD4T8E0001",
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                   "note": "图为B-1B弹舱内部的多弹挂架特写。",
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                {
                   "id": "AUSJQMCK4T8E0001",
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                   "note": "图为B-1B密集投掷84枚Mk-82航弹进行地毯式轰炸测试。",
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                ,
                {
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                   "note": "图为挂载JDAM制导弹药的B-1B弹舱，小图能看出多弹挂架可以混合挂载不同级别的JDAM弹药。",
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                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQNS14T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQNS14T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQNS14T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "按原设计，B-1B在机身上实际还有6个外挂点，载弹量达23吨。图为B-1B挂载ACM巡航导弹外挂架进行飞行测试。但后来由于美苏《削减性战略武器条约》的相关规定，B-1B取消了外挂能力，另一大原因是因为外挂武器会大幅影响飞行性能。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQOIF4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQOIF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQOIF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQOIF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQOIF4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为B-1B、B-52H和B-2三种轰炸机的挂载能力对比，可见B-1B的载弹量要大于另外两种轰炸机。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQPDM4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQPDM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQPDM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQPDM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQPDM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "经过多年的改进之后，B-1B不仅载弹量大，而且具备了一些普通轰炸机不具备的”特殊技能“，其中一项就是在配备了”狙击手XR“吊舱之后，B-1B具备了使用激光制导炸弹攻击海上（地面）移动目标的能力。图为B-1B进行空中加油训练。小图为B-1B挂载的”狙击手“XR瞄准吊舱",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQQ2C4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQQ2C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQQ2C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQQ2C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQQ2C4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为B-1B双机编队飞行，小图为B-1B投掷的”铺路“激光制导炸弹命中海上高速小艇的连续画面。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQQSG4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQQSG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQQSG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQQSG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQQSG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "除能攻击海上（地面）移动目标外，一架B-1B还于2002年5月，测试了在20秒内的一次投弹作业中，连续投掷3组炸弹，命中3个不同目标的能力，美军官员称，这次轰炸试验是一个重要的里程碑，它完成了通常需要起飞三个架次才能实现的目标，等于三架轰炸机同时协调攻击目标。由于增加了三倍的攻击能力，空军在未来作战中可大大减少轰炸机的出动数量。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQRGC4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQRGC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQRGC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQRGC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQRGC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "自1998年12月的”沙漠之狐“空袭行动以来，B-1B已参加了多场局部战争，并且取得了相当的战果。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQSDO4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQSDO4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQSDO4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQSDO4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQSDO4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为2010年10月，在美军TACP控制员的协调下，一架B-1B轰炸机向伊拉克Zambraniyah省北部的一个武装据点连续投掷了6枚GBU-38卫星制导“小直径炸弹”，将其彻底摧毁。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQSVR4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQSVR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQSVR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQSVR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQSVR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为B-1B投射AGM-158 JASSM隐身巡航导弹。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQTMK4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQTMK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQTMK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQTMK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQTMK4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为美国波音公司（罗克韦尔航空部于1996年被波音公司收购））制作的B-1B数图，其中从2001年至2015年1月以来，B-1B机群的总出击架次数超过了1.2万架次。据美军统计，在2014年8月至2015年1月，针对”伊斯兰国“极端组织的空袭行动中，B-1B的投弹量占到了美军战机投弹总量的80%。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQUIU4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQUIU4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQUIU4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQUIU4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQUIU4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为20世纪90年代，部署在中东科威特基地的B-1B机群，可以看到B-1B与A-10、F-16等战机的尺寸对比。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJQV6H4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQV6H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQV6H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQV6H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJQV6H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "对于B-1B的未来，美空军最新的计划是将在近几年为B-1B安装固态激光炮，因为该机的内部空间较为充足，是美军三种主力轰炸机中最适合改装的型号。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR05P4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR05P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR05P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR05P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR05P4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "按美空军的规划，B-1B机群将一直服役至2040年之后，届时B-1B还能经历多大的变化，仍需人们拭目以待。图为2013年10月，B-1B在完成轰炸叙利亚境内极端组织目标的任务后，高速返航。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR0KB4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR0KB4T8E0001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR0KB4T8E0001.JPG",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR0KB4T8E0001.JPG",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR0KB4T8E0001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "下面补充几张有关B-1B的“压箱图”。图为夜视镜模式下拍摄的B-1B开加力加速画面。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR1QB4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR1QB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR1QB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR1QB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR1QB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "B-1B低空飞越航母。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR2BT4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR2BT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR2BT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR2BT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR2BT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为2010年2月，2架隶属于第28轰炸机中队的B-1B轰炸机释放红外干扰弹演练。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR3304T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR3304T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR3304T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR3304T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR3304T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "B-1B与F-15E战斗轰炸机编队飞行。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR3TD4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR3TD4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR3TD4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR3TD4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR3TD4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "B-1B的机身特色涂鸦，“毁灭交响曲”。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR4HE4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR4HE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR4HE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR4HE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR4HE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为暴雨中的B-1B前机身特写。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR5CA4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR5CA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR5CA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR5CA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR5CA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为B-1B在突破音障瞬间，产生的激波云。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR64E4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR64E4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR64E4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR64E4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR64E4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "B-1B飞越埃及金字塔。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR6P04T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR6P04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR6P04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR6P04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR6P04T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为进行耐寒测试的B-1B",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR7IM4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR7IM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR7IM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR7IM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR7IM4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为机头涂有“炸弹鸟”趣味涂装的B-1B。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR86K4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR86K4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR86K4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR86K4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR86K4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为B-1B与“老大哥”B-52H编队飞行。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "AUSJR9324T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR9324T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR9324T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR9324T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-19/AUSJR9324T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "一字排列的“小鸟”与“巨鹰”，B-1B前方（镜头由近至远）依次为“美洲虎”攻击机，幻影F1C、幻影2000战机、“狂风”和A-10攻击机。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }