世界上最小的战斗机：好像鸡蛋在天上飞

2015-09-01 07:14

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标签： XF-85

XF-85“恶鬼”战斗机是美国陆航在二战后提出的一种寄生战斗机，它由麦克唐纳公司负责研制，最初的型号定为XP-85，绰号“恶鬼”。点击看更多军事历史内容

世界上最小的战斗机：好像鸡蛋在天上飞

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                "prevue": "XF-85“恶鬼”战斗机是美国陆航在二战后提出的一种寄生战斗机，它由麦克唐纳公司负责研制，最初的型号定为XP-85，绰号“恶鬼”。<a href=＂http://war.163.com/special/mh/＂>点击看更多军事历史内容</a>",
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                   "note": "它一般由轰炸机携带，需要护卫的时候，轰炸机就把它投放出去。为了能够被轰炸机携带，它的体积做得很小，大小跟一辆甲壳虫轿车差不多。是世界上最小的战斗机。所谓“寄生机”是指用大型航空器搭载小型飞机，以弥补后者航程不足或执行特定任务的做法，也称为“子母机”。",
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                   "note": "受轰炸机内部空间的限制，XP-85的设计方案尽可能压缩了飞机的“三围”，其滚圆的外形看上去就像一颗长着翅膀的鸡蛋。除了机体袖珍，带有36度后掠角的主翼还可向上折起，尾翼部分也被设计成多片X形布局，便于收入狭小的弹舱内。",
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                   "note": "既然是由轰炸机带上天，这种飞机自然无需传统的起落架，而是在座舱前面安装一个可收入机身的挂钩杆供吊放和回收用。当然为了保险起见，机身下还设有可收放的钢制滑橇用于意外情况下的紧急着陆，对主翼翼尖也采取了相应的保护措施。",
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                   "note": "到1948年，已经从陆军中独立出来的美国空军按照新制定的命名规则把“恶鬼”的型号改成XF-85（以战斗机的代号“F”取代原驱逐机的“P”）。",
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                   "note": "地面吊装试验在特设的大坑中进行。",
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                   "note": "“恶鬼”的7次试飞只有3次勉强成功，这让原先对“恶鬼”寄予厚望的麦克唐纳公司深感沮丧。连经验丰富的试飞员也无法确保对接回收的可靠性，可见这样的“高空穿针”对一般的飞行员来说简直就是“不可能完成的任务”。",
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                   "note": "虽然 XF-85 在单独飞行时操纵性能表现不错，但单薄短小的体形不仅限制了驾驶者的身材，更令其实战价值大打折扣。如果说火力偏弱、滞空时间短是“恶鬼”的软肋，那么过于复杂的操作程序就属于致命的硬伤了。",
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                   "note": "虽说XF-85原计划将主要与B-36轰炸机搭档，但还没等到机会就赶上美国国会大幅削减预算，军方只好在1949年10月24日决定砍掉这个已花费320万美元却毫无希望的项目。",
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                   "note": "先天不足的“恶鬼”只能在博物馆里找到栖身之所，战斗机自身的航程和作战能力已今非昔比，“寄生机”逐渐失去用武之地。",
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