刘少奇为何提"三分天灾七分人祸"？

2015-09-25 07:13

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标签：刘少奇毛泽东

1961年，时任国家主席的刘少奇返回了阔别四十多年的湖南家乡进行调查。田园荒芜、人颜憔悴、“卫星”上天、“五风”卷地，农村的凋零景象使他感到震惊和伤心，也有了“三分天灾，七分人祸”的论断。

刘少奇为何提"三分天灾七分人祸"？

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                   "note": "图为毛泽东与刘少奇在天安门城楼上。",
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                   "note": "1961年4月到5月，国家主席刘少奇亲自在湖南农村进行了为期44天的考察。实地考察的情况让刘少奇大为震惊。",
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                   "note": "刘少奇在当地考察时，看见一堆粪，这堆粪里一点（粮食）都没有，就是几根纤维，所以他晓得这里粮食很缺。",
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                   "note": "1959年大跃进时的中国。更让他惊异的是，当他来到著名的万头猪场时，却惊讶地发现，所谓的万头猪场里只有两头猪。",
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                   "note": "和农民们拉家常，那些老农民什么话都说了，说这几年来粮食少了，人吃不饱，甚至猪都不怀崽了。妇女的两个乳房也都瘪了，就是“母猪不怀崽，妇女不怀孕”，困难到了这个程度。",
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                   "note": "大跃进宣传画。刘少奇了解到，当地确实是在不折不扣地执行中央“大跃进”的政策，但人们的生活也确实更加贫穷和艰难了--这中间，最根本的问题到底是什么？他陷入了思索当中。",
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                   "note": "作为国家主席看他40年没见面的姐姐，带了5斤米、2斤白糖、2斤饼干、9个咸蛋。刘少奇讲：“姐姐你们现在在家生活非常苦，老弟就送来这点东西，你每餐加一把米。”",
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                   "note": "一次，在同农民谈话时，刘少奇问：你们的困难是由于什么原因？有没有天灾？农民们回答说：天灾有，但是小，产生困难的原因是“三分天灾，七分人祸”。",
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                   "note": "刘少奇回到北京后，开会时提到：“如果不是严重问题，为什么会减产，为什么要后退，难道都是老天爷的关系，说到责任，中央负主要责任，我们大家负责。”",
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                   "note": "原因在哪里？不外乎两条：一条是天灾。连续三年的自然灾害，使我们的农业和工业减产了。还有一条，就是从1958年以来，我们工作中的缺点和错误。",
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                   "note": "他在会上大胆地提出了两个“三七开”的观点，即：一是成绩缺点三七开，七分成绩，三分缺点和错误，二是困难三七开，“三分天灾，七分人祸”",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "刘少奇指出，全国总起来讲，缺点和成绩的关系，就不能说是一个指头和九个指头的关系，恐怕是三个指头和七个指头的关系。",
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                {
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                   "note": "1961年，时任国家主席的刘少奇返回了阔别四十多年的湖南家乡进行调查。田园荒芜、人颜憔悴、“卫星”上天、“五风”卷地。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "B497I9SF4T8E0001",
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                   "note": "农村的凋零景象使他感到震惊和伤心，也有了“三分天灾，七分人祸”的论断。",
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                ,
                {
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                   "note": "但这一观点显然涉及到对“三面红旗”的根本态度，毛泽东虽然也曾明确提到过“人祸”的问题，但却一直认为：",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-09-24/B497IBB84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "“三面红旗”是中国社会主义建设道路的体现，是对马克思主义的创造性发展，“三面红旗”不容怀疑。这成了两人分歧的重要方面。",
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                ,
                {
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "薄一波在三十多年后回忆这段往事，曾对刘少奇的讲话作如此评论：“这些话，今天看来很平常，但在当时听起来的确有些刺激，从而也就留下了后来党内斗争的阴影。”",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-09-24/B497ICPE4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "note": "刘少奇之子刘源上将说，在中国现代史中，有说不尽的毛泽东，就有说不完的刘少奇。他将两人共同演出的历史大戏归结为三幕：",
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                   "note": "第一幕是“政治大革命”，即共产党夺取政权，改造社会，毛刘亲密无间。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
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                   "note": "第二幕是“经济大革命”，即大跃进，毛刘分歧。",
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                   "note": "第三幕是“文化大革命”，毛刘分裂，革命一败涂地。",
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                   "note": "1969年11月12日，国家主席刘少奇由于遭到政治迫害和人身摧残，在河南开封含冤去世。",
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