迟到的收复：1946年中国接收南海

2015-04-20 12:55

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迟到的收复：1946年中国接收南海

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                "prevue": "1945年10月25日，台湾光复，南海诸岛随即也列入国民政府的接收日程。”<a href=＂http://war.163.com/special/jingjian/＂>点击看更多《镜鉴记》内容</a>",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1946年，国民党当局有感于南海海域地图混乱，展开了南海划界工作。1947年，当时的“内政部”完成了南海划界，即“九段线”。今天，“九段线”成为中国主张南海主权的主要依据。",
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                   "note": "1945年8月15日正午，日本天皇向全国广播了接受波茨坦公告、实行无条件投降的诏书。由此，长达8年之久的抗日战争终于结束。",
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                   "note": "由中美英三国签署的《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》规定：“剥夺日本自1914年第一次世界大战开始以后在太平洋上所夺得或占领之一切岛屿，在使日本所窃取于中国之领土，例如满洲、台湾、澎湖群岛等，归还中华民国。”",
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                {
                   "id": "ANB2VJC04T8E0001",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1945年10月25日，台湾光复，南海诸岛随即也列入国民政府的接收日程。",
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                {
                   "id": "ANB2VJPS4T8E0001",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1945年12月8日，光复后的中国台湾气象局派员乘机动帆船“成田”号从高雄出发，巡视南海诸岛。12日，“成田”号到达林岛（即接收后的永兴岛），随后遍历各岛，于1946年1月20日返回高雄。",
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                   "note": "台湾气象局的巡视报告甫一发布，就引起广泛的社会关注，国民政府行政院随即根据台湾省主席陈仪的报告，决定将南海诸岛划归广东省管辖，并命令中央各部商讨收复和进驻西沙、南沙群岛的计划。图左六为陈仪。",
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                {
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                   "note": "但是，刚刚赢得抗战胜利的中国一时却没有物质条件接收南海诸岛，一向贫弱的中国海军力量在抗战中全军覆没，为数不多的舰船不是被日军击沉，就是在几个要塞“自沉”后作为封锁线。",
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                {
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VLD14T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "而此时的南海，又在暗潮涌动，南京方面获取的消息说，“二战”后重新占据越南的法国正企图利用日本退出南海后的状态，捷足先登，再次抢占。",
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                {
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "国民政府海军总司令部第二署海事处承办了接收南海诸岛的筹备工作，由上校科长姚汝钰主持，参谋程达龙、李秉成和张君然等负责办理。图为国民党海军总司令部旧址。",
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                {
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "接收计划在拟定时就遇到难题，张君然后来回忆说：“因各群岛沦陷多年，情况诸多不明，只能根据有关航海图志制定进驻方案。”而法国等国家图谋南海的计划和行动也为接收南海诸岛的筹备工作增加了紧张气氛。",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VMUE4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1945年，根据“战时租借法案”，美国把271艘各类舰只及其他必要器材拨让给中国。1946年7月，这批军舰由美国远航到中国，共8艘，其中两艘最大的是护航驱逐舰“太平”号和“太康”号。至此，接收行动所需的舰只终于到位。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VNEM4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VNEM4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1946年10月，“前进”舰队在上海正式成立。在日本投降一年多之后，中国政府终于具备了接收南海诸岛的条件。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VNVL4T8E0001",
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                   "note": "装备最新的“太平”号在稍做休整后，即被编入“前进”舰队作为旗舰，率领“中业”“永兴”“中建”等3舰军舰前往南海执行接收任务。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VOEH4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VOEH4T8E0001.jpg",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "列强对南海诸岛的侵犯从清末起就从未间断。1895年，日本通过《马关条约》割占台湾后，开始窥伺南洋，并南下寻找地缘战略“利益线”。并与1920年开采磷矿资源，至1929年，共开采磷矿二万六千余吨。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VP1H4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VP1H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VP1H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VP1H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VP1H4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "日本的行为引起法国的注意，两个国家开始为确立在南海的优势地缘地位展开竞争。1931年12月，法国称西沙群岛为法属安南（越南）领域，次年3月，又派兵进占西沙群岛；1933年，法国又强占南沙九岛，并将之划入越南巴地省管辖。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VPEG4T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VPEG4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "“二战”爆发后，日本开始主导南海的控制权。1939年，在占领中国的海南岛之后，日军随即南下，占领了西沙群岛和南沙群岛，并将之划归日本占领下的台湾高雄市管辖。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VPUB4T8E0001",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "列强在南海争斗不已，而国民政府除了抗议之外，无力给列强以有力回击，致使南海问题日益趋于复杂化。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VQDL4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VQDL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VQDL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VQDL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VQDL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "随着“二战”的结束，世界格局重新划分，中国也迎来了解决南海难题的一个良好契机。国民政府对收复南海诸岛一事特别重视，特地派遣代表随同“前进”舰队前往视察和勘探。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "内政部方域司具体负责国界线的确定，并聘用西北大学地理系教授郑资约为内政部专门委员，负责参与南海岛屿国界的划定和整理南海水域的岛礁、石群及沙滩名称的工作。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VREB4T8E0001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VREB4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "依照海军总部事先拟定的进驻目标和人员装备计划，进驻西沙和南沙后，要在主岛上都做如下设置：驻守海军陆战队一个独立排，直属海军总司令部指挥，每岛在编人员59名，装备海军电台1座，电台配250瓦功率的发报机组及相应的设备。",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VRT54T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "同时，考虑到南海诸岛远离大陆，补给不便，驻守人员在生活上会有各种困难，所以一应生活用品，从鱼钩、针线、火种，以至主副食品、种子、禽畜、营房器材、发电机组、机械、材料、配件、工具等，无不妥为准备。",
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                {
                   "id": "ANB2VSCL4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VSCL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VSCL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VSCL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VSCL4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "并且还定每半年补充供给品一次。为了稳定军心，还规定驻岛人员每年轮换一次，驻岛期间支领三倍薪金，以示优待。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VSSC4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VSSC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VSSC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VSSC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VSSC4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1946年11月29日晚，“太平”“中业”“永兴”“中建”等舰分别出港，在长江口完成集结，随即编队南下。图为“中业”号登陆舰。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VTH24T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VTH24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VTH24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VTH24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VTH24T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在当时，中国有关南沙群岛的航路一片空白。“太平”号少校副舰长何炳材四处搜集航海资料，好不容易才找到一张1910年法国出版的南沙群岛旧海图，但例尺很小，水深点很疏。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VTS84T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VTS84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VTS84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VTS84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VTS84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "舰队从上海出发，在广州逗留了几天，便沿着37年前晚清广东水师提督李准巡阅南海时曾经走过的路线：先到榆林港，稍作停留后深入南海。在榆林港，“前进”舰队还雇佣了40名熟悉西沙、南沙各岛情况的渔民随舰出发。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VUDH4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VUDH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VUDH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VUDH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VUDH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "日军在占领榆林港和其旁的三亚期间，均设有海岸电台，在三亚还有机场、潜艇基地和一个特大型的远程无线电台，这本来都可为“前进”舰队所用。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB5649F4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB5649F4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB5649F4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB5649F4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB5649F4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "但是在日本投降后，榆林港和三亚的电台等军事设备不但没有得到接收人员的妥善保管，反而被拆散倒卖，在三亚，甚至见到许多大型的无线电真空管被摆在市场上当做金鱼缸出售。“前进”舰队在榆林港只找到一个小功率的海军电台，可使舰队勉强与陆上进行联系。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VVM34T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VVM34T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VVM34T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VVM34T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VVM34T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "11月正是南海东北季风强劲时，12日和18日，舰队的两次出航都因天气恶劣而中途折返；11月23日，“永兴”“中建”两舰抢在风浪稍减的间隙先行出航，并于次日凌晨顺利抵达西沙主岛，在礁环外1海里处抛锚。图为中建”号。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB2VVS84T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VVS84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VVS84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VVS84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB2VVS84T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "由于整个行动计划都在严格保密下进行，张君然等率战斗小组乘艇登陆，未见岛上有人，自然也无任何抵抗，但岛上的原有建筑都已破坏殆尽。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB300BR4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB300BR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB300BR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB300BR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB300BR4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "进驻工作快速进行，随即按原定部署组织人员登陆、抢卸物资，各行技工首先搭建活动营房，抢修损坏的房屋，构筑工事，修建炮位……经过五昼夜苦斗，进驻工作大体完成，官兵生活设施安排就绪，电台已经架通，各行专业考察工作次第完成。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB300RT4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB300RT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB300RT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB300RT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB300RT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "如同当年李准为西沙岛屿命名一样，张君然等人把西沙主岛用“永兴”舰的名字命名为“永兴岛”，同时把西沙另一座岛屿命名为“中建岛”。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB301CA4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB301CA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB301CA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB301CA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB301CA4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "29日上午，“永兴”舰和“中建”舰派出了仪仗队，会同广东省政府的接收专员肖次尹和驻岛人员，鸣炮升旗，为收复西沙群岛所竖的主权碑揭幕。仪式完毕，舰队又巡航其他各岛，并于次日下午返抵榆林港。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB301TH4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB301TH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB301TH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB301TH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB301TH4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "12月9日、林遵、林焕章率“太平”“中业”两舰，再次从榆林港出航，驶向南沙群岛，于12日上午到达太平岛，派兵登陆搜索，也未发现岛上有人。随即进行接收和考察工作。任务完成，舰队于17日返航。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB564KI4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB564KI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB564KI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB564KI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB564KI4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1947年10月，国民政府确定中国最南边界为北纬4°的曾母暗沙；12月1日，内政部重新审定东、西、中、南四沙群岛及其所属各岛礁沙滩的名称，正式公布中外，原南沙群岛改称中沙群岛，团沙群岛始定名为南沙群岛，南海地名更加规范化。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB302R74T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB302R74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB302R74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB302R74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB302R74T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1947年2月国民党六届三中全会上，陆幼刚等34人联名提议加紧建设西、南沙群岛，以固国防，1947年5月四届三次国民参政会上，胡木兰等36人又倡议中央着手建设西、南沙群岛，力保主权。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB3039U4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB3039U4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB3039U4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB3039U4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB3039U4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "这些卓有远见的建议均未引起足够的重视，更未见诸行动，使得这片辽阔的海域多年鲜见有组织地经营。1947年以后留兵于太平等岛屿，意在戍守海疆，由于海军力量的过分单薄，也未能将南沙海域牢牢地加以控制。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "ANB303PT4T8E0001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB303PT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB303PT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB303PT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-04-16/ANB303PT4T8E0001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "张君然被任命为西沙群岛首任管理处主任，1947年，他拟了一份管理和开发西沙群岛的意见书，建议修建各岛的港湾码头，发展各岛海上交通，开发磷矿和水产资源，加强气象和航标工作，在当时却没有条件一一付诸实施。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }